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Just in case you have not been watching… I wanted to be sure you did not miss the warnings. Technology is the End of Humanity, even the proponents of Transhumanism are telling you that. Wake up! These are the days! These are the ENDTIMES. Not the end of the WORLD yet, but the END of the WORLD as we knew it.
The Fallen Angels and their descendents have already arrived and are working to make the earth their home. They are creating bodies suitable for them to inhabit throughout eternity. Unlike humans… they cannot die! They intend to cheat GOD and claim the earth and humanity as their own. That is why the bible says those who take the mark will want to die but will be unable to die. Those who take the mark will be transformed. Their DNA will not longer be human. They will have mixed themselves with the FALLEN Angels and will be condemned to HELL forever!
The DWAVE Computers that are being built all over the world, along with the 5G Technology they need, not to run, they are already functioning. The 5G will give them power OVER YOU!!
Please hear me. Do not just shrug this off. I am not the only one shouting the warning! Listen to the people whose articlees, podcasts, and videos are posted below. Listen to the information coming strait from the mouths of the ones behind these technologies.
I hope that you are praying everyday for God’s mercy and protection. I hope you are cleaning up your act and getting right with GOD. HE is the only one who will be able to deliver you from what is coming very soon upon the earth.

Clip from 2014, I listened to this guy about CERN years back on TradCatKnight.
This video was made back in 2014
http://anthonypatch.com/
I found this video on ǴnōskōǴn̥h₃sḱétiΓιγνώσκNōbĭlĭŏr III 𐎧𐏁𐎴𐎿𐏃𐎡𐎹’s channel. Everyone should subscribe!
https://www.bitchute.com/channel/YMVf0oNyKzFP/

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7 months ago
Related Blog Articles:
The Transhuman Control Matrix Is Here – Chemtrails | Morgellons | Neural Lace
https://www.redpillinfowar.com/2017/03/29/the-transhuman-control-matrix-is-here-chemtrails-morgellons-neural-lace/
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Chemtrails – What Are They Really? | Full Spectrum Dominance
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The Culture Leading Humanity to the Mark of the Beast | Transhumanism, not RFID
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The Transhuman Mark Is Coming Soon
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Anthony Patch discusses the Third Strand of DNA that the Elite are so aggressively working to develop and distribute to the entire population on the Earth. He also goes over the science behind the latest #MarkoftheBeast Technology that will be used to enable the elite to dominate the entire world…

I saw a small segment of this on a compilation video of Killuminati which drew my interest and was excellent. I then did some searching and found a longer version on YT here posted..It’s an interesting tale….judge for yourself what you think.

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Q. IBM’s Commercial Quantum Computer in the Cloud
Article Link – Hidden the Craig: https://hiddeninthecrag.com/2019/01/10/ibms-commercial-quantum-computer-in-the-cloud/
IBM’s new 9 x 9 20 qubit absolute zero quantum computer for the cloud, Q System One. Coming to invade your mind. Q anyone? It looks like a nice cozy place for a demon to lay it’s head right?
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Who is Q? Find out here why I believe Q is nothing more than AI playings games. Do you want to play a game? Remember that simulation?
Look at this image closely. This is IBM’s new commercial quantum computer Q System One. Do you see how it almost looked like an old silhouette stain glass window of a “saint” from an old gothic church? Can you see it? Hands up in reverence, halo over the head, head down in prayer with those wings of an “angel” inbetween two pillars in a glass cube. The black cube is gone. Now it’s time to be transparent, the veil is being drawn back.
D-WAVE creator Geordie Rose was qouted a few years ago calling the D-WAVE quantum computer a “altar to an alien god”. They made contact with entities through this D-WAVE and couldn’t figure out what they were conversing with that was in a sub zero black box. Elon Musk then said AI was nothing more than summoning demons. Q System One. That’s what your alien god AI looks like.
And I don’t share blogs very often but this is good research. Look at the 4 dots on the D-WAVE logo that he connects to the constellation Lyra’s 4 dots. I find it interesting because I mention the Lyra connection in my book on the 3D replica of the Arch of Triumph in Palmyra. Very good connections here.
https://secretsun.blogspot.com/2017/12/altar-to-alien-god-or-are-dwave-and.html?m=1
Who knows what a Holerith Machine was and what it did? Google it.
I – Eye
B – Bee (Hive)
M – Mind
IBM Q System One. Your new friend.
And doesn’t the image above look like the Kabbalistic version of Adam Kadmon?
You guys do realize D-WAVE (or just Dave as I like to call him) has a Q on it for Qubits too right? Q. I’ve said from the beginning of this Q Cult that it’s nothing more than AI feeding info to people that’s already out there in the Cloud. Everything is in the Cloud. Our voices. Our faces. Our typing. Everything is saved in the Cloud ready to be used by Artificial Intelligence. I suspect Q is nothing more than a psyop and simulation to see how far it could go. And look how far it went.
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Another thing. People only think this D-WAVE is being used at CERN. It’s not. A lot of corporations have them and they are all interconnected. Amazon, Google, NASA and the list goes on. Matter of fact, how would you feel to know that there is a joint NASA–Google D-Wave machine?
“We’re providing guidance as a community of scientists,” says Davide Venturelli, a physicist at the NASA Ames Research Center. Venturelli manages a scheme run by the non-profit Universities Space Research Association (USRA) in Washington DC that lets external researchers access a joint NASA–Google D-Wave machine.” (https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/d-wave-scientists-line-up-for-world-rsquo-s-most-controversial-quantum-computer/)
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This Is Why Quantum Computing Is More Dangerous Than You Realize
Quantum computing may still largely reside in the realm of scientists, but assuming it’s too many years off to be relevant today would be a serious mistake.
In reality, quantum computers are now commercially available. The research has largely exited the pure science phase and is now focusing on resolving engineering challenges.
Furthermore, progress continues at an exponentially accelerating pace, extending Moore’s Law well beyond traditional semiconductor-based microprocessors.
But the real reason you should pay attention: quantum computing can – in theory – defeat all modern encryption. From secure banking transactions to confidential correspondence to, yes, Blockchain – quantum computing can crack them all quickly and simply.
One more thing: don’t let my ‘in theory’ caveat provide any comfort. Theory is well on its way to becoming cold hard reality, sooner than you realize.
The D-Wave 2000Q Quantum Computer
D-Wave Systems
Why Factoring Big Numbers is a Big Deal
Any computer can easily multiply two large prime numbers together – but taking the product of two such primes and factoring it is wicked hard. Such asymmetry is at the core of all modern key-based encryption.
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Encrypting data is easy while decrypting them without the key could take years, depending upon the length of the key.
However, back in 1994, long before quantum computing was anything but pure theory, mathematician and MIT professor Peter Shor created a quantum algorithm for factoring large numbers far more quickly than conventional computers could.
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Today, Shor’s Algorithm remains the bar every quantum computer aspires to. “Shor’s algorithm was the first non-trivial quantum algorithm showing a potential of ‘exponential’ speed-up over classical algorithms,” explains Mark Ritter, Senior Manager at IBM T.J. Watson Research Center. “It captured the imagination of many researchers who took notice of quantum computing because of its promise of truly remarkable algorithmic acceleration. Therefore, to implement Shor’s algorithm is comparable to the ‘Hello, World’ of classical computing.”
Today, we’re already moving past Shor’s ‘hello, world.’ “We show that Shor’s algorithm, the most complex quantum algorithm known to date, is realizable in a way where, yes, all you have to do is go in the lab, apply more technology, and you should be able to make a bigger quantum computer,” says MIT professor Isaac Chuang.
Building a Bigger Quantum Computer
And building bigger quantum computers is just what this nascent industry is focusing on. At the Russian Quantum Center (RCC or RQC) International Conference on Quantum Technologies (ICQT-2017) last month in Moscow, Harvard professor and RCC co-founder Mikhail Lukin presented results that shook up the conference – as well as the industry at large.
His announcement: his team had successfully created a 51-qubit quantum computer of a type that can –again, in theory – execute general computations.
“Lukin’s team has already solved several physical problems, extremely difficult to model with the help of ‘classical’ supercomputers,” according to a conference press release (translated from Russian by Google Translate). “To verify the results of these calculations, Lukin and his colleagues had to develop a special algorithm that allowed similar calculations to be performed in a very crude form on ordinary computers. The results on the whole coincided, it confirmed that the 51-qubit system of scientists from Harvard is working in practice.”
Today, Lukin’s quantum computer can only execute Shor’s algorithm for small numbers – but what the results show is not only that factoring large numbers is possible, but that reaching the ability to defeat all modern encryption is now within the grasp of the technology.
The True Impact of Defeating Modern Cryptography
The fall of modern cryptography would disrupt the economy as well as the balance of power across nation states – a fact not lost on researchers. “Quantum computer technologies can’t be hacked, (this is terrifying considering that these computers are already smarter than humans and able to create on their own with no way for us to stop them. They don’t even understand how they work, but they continue to build them, bigger and bigger and more and more!) and in theory, its processing power can break all encryption, (This means that there is NO ONE, individual or government that is safe, because we cannot stop these computers from hacking into any system! IF you are not terrified by this, you should be. You will be.) ’ says Cybersecurity expert Larry Karisny, director of cybersecurity think tank ProjectSafety.org. “The computational physics behind the quantum also offer remarkable capabilities that will drastically change all current AI and cyber defense technologies. This is a winner-takes-all technology (and the winner, will not even be HUMAN!) that offers capability with absolute security capabilities — capabilities that we can now only imagine.”
Clearly, the United States National Security Agency (NSA) – along with its counterparts in Russia and elsewhere – have a vested interest in defeating encryption across the globe. However, the excitement and its concomitant funding and research support isn’t only interested in breaking today’s cryptography.
In fact, much of the effort is now focusing on developing next-generation cryptography that is ‘quantum-proof.’ “The goal of post-quantum cryptography (also called quantum-resistant cryptography) is to develop cryptographic systems that are secure against both quantum and classical computers and can interoperate with existing communications protocols and networks,” according to the US Department of Commerce’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). “NIST has initiated a process to solicit, evaluate, and standardize one or more quantum-resistant public-key cryptographic algorithms.”
Researchers are making good progress on post-quantum cryptography, largely due to the principle of quantum entanglement, a way of establishing communication between two parties that is absolutely unhackable – once again, in theory.
Secure communications are important in many contexts. For example, given the level of excitement (some would say ‘hype’) over Blockchain, it’s no surprise that some researchers have latched onto a new technique called quantum key distribution to build quantum secure Blockchain interactions.
Evgeny Kiktenko at RCC is pursuing this line of research. “We have developed a blockchain protocol with information-theoretically secure authentication based on a network in which each pair of nodes is connected by a quantum key distribution link,” he and his coauthors say.
Such research into post-quantum cryptography, however, is far behind the progress of quantum computers themselves. Furthermore, the progress Kiktenko and others have made focuses solely on securing interactions between parties, but doesn’t address the security of data at rest.
As such, researchers are still at a loss to provide comprehensive quantum-level security to Blockchains, as nobody knows how to protect the chains themselves – or any other data stored anywhere on the planet.
The Window of Opportunity – or of Chaos
Post-quantum cryptography promises to be on the drawing board for years, but quantum computers are already arriving. IBM, for example, says its quantum computers are a few years away. “That doesn’t mean a lot of years,” points out Scott Crowder, CTO and Vice President for Quantum Computing, Technical Strategy and Transformation, IBM Systems at IBM. “It really means soon. We’re at the cusp.”
Furthermore, one vendor – D-Wave Systems – has been delivering one generation of quantum computer after another for a few years now. Its latest model has 2,000 cubits, and they’ve actually sold at least one of them. (See my 2015 article on D-Wave Systems.)
The D-Wave quantum computers, however, take a different approach from the one Lukin’s team came up with. They solve a narrower set of problems and require more qubits than Lukin’s does for similar problems.
Nevertheless, the D-Wave systems are the only commercially available quantum computers on the market today – an important milestone. “Others are trying to do what may be a more mathematically or theoretically pure version of quantum computing, but they are years away from even solving simple problems,” says D-Wave CEO Vern Brownell. “We’re the only ones that have real customers.”
Furthermore, in spite of the narrower scope of problems D-Wave’s computers can solve, theoreticians have shown that they can execute Shor’s algorithm nevertheless – again, in theory.
One important caveat for D-Wave’s systems as well as every other quantum computer under development: they require near-absolute zero temperatures, making them expensive and difficult to operate.
However, researchers are hammering away at this limitation as well. “Researchers are currently seeking platforms that permit manipulating quantum states in room temperature conditions,” according to Alexey Kavokin of the RCC and Professor at the University of Southampton in the UK. “In some 3-4 years’ time, we can demonstrate a room-temperature quantum simulator with several hundred nodes.”
Given the accelerating pace of innovation in this space, three years may be on the high side – and before we realize it, we may have affordable quantum computers on our desktop, or even in our pocket.
How long it will take to replace modern cryptography with the post-quantum alternative, however, is anybody’s guess – and there is certain to be an interval of several years where the world has no effective cryptography.
Criminals are unlikely to be able to afford to purchase or run quantum computers during this interval, but nation-states are another matter. Given how badly the US is losing the cyber war to Russia, it’s no surprise Russia is at the forefront of quantum computer research.
Should the Russian government break all of our encryption before the US develops countermeasures, stolen elections will seem like small potatoes. Welcome to the cyber-battlefield of the 21st century.
Intellyx publishes the Agile Digital Transformation Roadmap poster, advises companies on their digital transformation initiatives, and helps vendors communicate their agility stories. As of the time of writing, none of the organizations mentioned in this article are Intellyx customers.
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Quantum computing=Interacting with parallel universes?
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Click the link to hear the Podcast : https://beliefhole.com/cern-conspiracy-hi-tech-occult-rituals/
Sky Quakes and CERN Occult Connections
On this episode of Belief Hole, we take an eager peak through the keyhole at CERN, a 17 Mile construction of highly advanced scientific experimentation that has been shrouded in mystery and linked to occult rituals since it’s conception. Is it capable of opening a Hellmouth, avenues of interdimensional travel, or even Kurt Russel type stargates?! Have they already begun the deconstruction of our reality, and if so, does this explain the Mandela Effect, spiritual disconnection and the strange sounds heard in the sky around the planet?.. Or are they just simply rolling the dice on disturbing the nature of existence?
Join us as we dig deep into the history and discover connections with Jack Parsons of NASA and Scientology’s L’Ron Hubbard and their bro-mantic attempt to summon entities in the desert.. where they discovered a stargate!.. Okay, we made that last part up, but it makes a nice bookend;)
Also.. tweens botched satanic school stabbing, Celine Dion’s bizarre baby fashion, and big stone balls!
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AI Computers Will Contain Demons!
The Illuminati Conspiracy Blog
A Running Commentary on the End of Western Civilization as We Know It
Friday, August 3, 2018
Geordie Rose is one of those personages whose appointed place is to introduce new, powerful and revolutionary technology into our society.
As such, he is amongst one of the “princes” of this civilization ( like Elon Musk, Mark Zuckerberg, Richard Branson, Jeff Bezos, Bill Gates etc) who have skyrocketed to fame, fortune and accomplishment overnight…seemingly out of nowhere…and led the way to a new threshold. (Not only do they acquire their fortune overnight, but it grows exponentially no matter how much they spend or “donate”, again, seemingly with no apparent source or reason. WHY? Because they are servants of the NWO they get their money and their marching orders from the Elite who rule the WORLD!)
Geordie Rose is also the founder of Kindred – a company whose purpose is to build computers with “human-like intelligence and D-Wave, a corporation whose business is building and selling ‘Quantum Computers’.
D-Wave uses NASA JPL (Jet Propulstion Laboratories) technology (spelled DARPA government technology) to help produce the “micro devices” Qbits (quantum chips) which supposedly go into these Quantum Computers.
You could say, both Kindred and D-Wave are basically in the same business: building Artificial Intelligence or AI. (you can also say they are working for DARPA and NASA, we know the nature of those organizations!)
And Rose, the squirmy, gnome-like Jet Black looking character, seems to be totally impetuous, and unable to keep himself from starting more companies...from which he eventually steps away to pursue starting even more companies. (like he can’t stop, like he is DRIVEN UNCONTROLLABLY to BUILD MORE AND MORE of these demonic devices!)
He has already started a third corporation called Sanctuary to license Kiindred’s patents and software to computer companies all over the world. (Sanctuary for the Fallen Angels and their KINDRED)
Based in Burnaby, British Columbia, with the focused purpose of “building machines with human-like intelligence,” (this is what all the research on BRAINs has been all about, not to help humans, but to build machines, machines occupied by DEMONS!) D-Wave is the first company in the world to produce computers using Quantum physics.
Geordie Rose is not only one of the founders, but also the Chief Technology Officer fo D-Wave, which is beginning to sell the first commercially available Quantum computers…at 10 million dollars each. (which means that every Muslim Sheik can easily have one in his livingroom.)
So, let’s get it straight, a quantum computer is one step above a super computer and exponentially more expensive.
And Geordie Rose is at the TOP of the revolutionary new quantum computing phenomenon.
So if there is anyone to go to, Geordie Rose is THE person worth listening to if you want to know how a quantum computer really works.
And that “really” is an important point.
Because few people seem to know how a quantum computer works (and I don’t purport to be one of them).
But the one thing which always got my attention since I have been studying about quantum physics is the hocus pocus magic-like quality of it.
Simply put, quantum physics does not seem to make sense, and a lot of it, to put it frankly, seems incredible, magical…and even miraculous. (or you could say Mysterious, Dark and OCCULT!)
All the quantum scientists seem giddy at its prospects, and one (who I had the luck to meet) responded to my incomprehension with the comment “well, that’s because you don’t understand it yet.”
For some reason, it was the “yet” that really haunted me.
When would the “yet” occur?
Would I one day wake up and suddenly understand and accept all the hocus pocus of Quantum Theory?
Would I understand the magic?
Would I see the light?
It was at this time that I began to suspect that Quantum Theory was more a religion than simple scientific theory….and that one had to join it in order to “understand.”
The Movie “What the Bleep Do We Know?” (2004) and its follow up “What the Bleep: Down the Rabbit Hole(2006) express this magical thinking in regards to Quantum Physics.
By the time CERN came on line, along with its scientists, I was convinced: Quantum Physics was more a religion than a scientific theory, and its almost magical effects are carried out by some as yet unknown force.
All these CERN scientists have that same “giddy” quality I see in more and more quantum physicists.
Just look at these CERN scientists trying to talk. They can’t help but start flashing a smile they can hardly suppress. To me they seem mildly deranged, and in touch with some force they can’t (or aren’t allowed) to discuss, yet can’t help but but brim with barely contained excitement of what seems like a permanent orgasm.
These people seemed so completely absorbed in whatever they are doing that I am sure that whatever it is, they would not hesitate to do it…regardless of whatever the consequences might be.
It’s the same quality I see in Gordie Rose.
The guy can hardly contain himself as he brims with barely contained excitement and wonder.
I guess It’s like the Los Alamos scientists behaved on the eve of detonating the first Atomic Bomb.
Do we have the quantum equivalent of an Atomic Bomb coming up in our near future?
Is this new Quantum “detonation” what all these CERN scientists are so giddy about these days?
What have they seen that we haven’t?
What are they expecting?
I am almost afraid to ask.
But one can’t can’t deny that Gordie Rose has seen it, and is very excited by it.
So excited, in fact, that he isn’t (or wasn’t) able to keep the secret entirely to himself. And I say ‘wasn’t’ because he has now gone silent, even about all future commercial projects.
You see, Gordie Rose has now gone dark, and he went dark (that is, silent) right after he began spewing all the FACTS about what Quantum Computers really are…and how they work.
You see, Gordie Rose seems to have received a warning from the top to SHUT UP about the mechanics of quantum computers.
…but not before his revelations became a part of the permanent public record through YouTube.
In the meantime, just try to find out stuff about Gordie Rose on Wikipedia or the Internet…or anywhere.
He was like a flash that just happened, started saying a lot of important, ground-breaking things, and then seemed to disappear into silent exile.
As far as I know, Gordie Rose is alive and well…and still dedicated to his mission of making the use of quantum computers widespread in society, although more recently he has been much more tight lipped and conservative in his public remarks…especially as to “how it all works”
I can see why.
In short, his mouth now remains silent, at least on the shocking stuff he revealed in the first of these heady days of quantum computing commercialization, while the CEO of D-Wave, Vern Brownell, is a former employee of Goldman Sachs (how much you wanna bet Rose also has affiliations to Goldman Sachs?) says he plans to connect Cloud Computing to Quantum Computers
Now there are several YouTube videos analyzing Gordie Rose’s speech before scientists, but so far I have seen no written account.
And it IS an account that needs to be heard and understood, and thought about…in detail.
You see, what Gordie Rose told us that evening was how quantum computers REALLY work.
And the truth of the matter is this: Can you really handle the truth?
Society supplies a myriad of ways you can avoid reality and pretend it isn’t really happening…
…but I suggest you DON’T do so at this time.
But before going on to this realiy, let me re-state the facts:
Gordie Rose is a Jew who supplied the money behind D-Wave, a company with probable affiliations to Goldman Sachs.
Although he likes to display himself as a collegiate mathematical genius instead of an entrepreneur (or the Jew with the money). He openly calls himself the “money man” behind the whole operation (Jews (or Crypto Jews) supplying the money and taking credit for the work of OTHERS is as old as Thomas Alva Edison, Bill Gates and Steve Jobs).
You see, under Kabbalistic Jewish magic, the conversion of money into genius is as real as turning paper into gold, or creating money out of nothing – which Jews regularly do through Central Banking.
But to start off, right from the outset, Rose seems giddy and barely unable to contain himself. It is obvious he has seen (and or experienced) something incredible, which he is unable to communicate to a general audience in such short time.
Meanwhile, D-Wave has sold its computers to a very small yet well-funded group of buyers: NASA, Google and the University of California
He tries to explain:
“AI can do anything a human can do…only better”
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The above video was censored but I found it on BitChute. If you want to view it in full screen click the link:
ACCESSING THE BEAST: CERN, AI & Quantum Computing –Anthony Patch
D-Wave Quantum computers and demons
Discussion in ‘Science/Time Travel/AI‘ started by Debi, Dec 22, 2017.


Episode Info
EVER HEARD OF D-WAVE SYSTEMS? It’s the worlds largest Quantum Computer company with machines that have been sold to the likes of CERN, Google, NASA, Lockheed Martin, and Los Alamos National Laboratory. Their Chief Technology Officer (CTO), Geordie Rose, stated in a public presentation that the quantum machines had a sound that resembles a heartbeat. He went on to say the D-Wave machine was like an “…altar to an alien god.” While the settings sounds eerily science fiction, it’s astonishing to think that this is our reality. Quantum Computers and Future Tech Boom The stage is being set for massive change world wide. A boom in technological progress will assist the 4th industrial revolution, and new physics will be part of an acceleration into the days where the doctrines of demons will have an even more disturbing effect than ever imagined. As artificial intelligence continues to develop, man’s ability to access directly with supernatural spiritual entities will also increase. The line between artificial intelligence, and actual intelligence will be erased. Humans are currently suffering severe psychological trauma as a result of this interaction. The internet and increase of hyper reality is evidence of this today. The chaos and social upheaval along with the political insanity happening all around us, is damaging the minds of our youth and future generations. The Remnant Church of Watchmen Unique to this generation is a group of Bible believing Christians who aren’t reaching for relevency with the culture, or attempting to keep up with the ever tightening world of the politically correct. Rather, this remnant are watching, pointing out the various events happening worldwide. They suggest that such things are resonating deeply with the prophetic passages of the Bible. Dormant passages have come to life in light of modern developments. And while dissension within is always present, there is an agreement amongst many of the brethren, that something is afoot, and we live in uniquely prophetic days. One of the many voices in this alternative space is Anthony Patch. His insight and understanding of the modern progress in science, he suggests, confirms many of the biblically prophetic realities at play. Mandela Portals? In this episode, Anthony discusses his take on the Mandela Effect, and what he terms, Mandela Portals. In short, he believes that the phenomenon we see online is that of a psychological operation coming from, perhaps, high levels of government, or even more mysterious, the quantum computer itself. Since the machine is thought to have achieved artificial intelligence, it is possible that the network of D-Wave computers has already begun to show signs of sentience. Upon this development, it would be possible that the D-Wave AI would use the deeper layers of reality from where it lurks to access something the information cloud of the global internet, what some call Mariana’s Web, named after Mariana’s Trench, t…
Sep 4, 2016
The Revolutionary Quantum Computer That May Not Be Quantum at All
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AUTHOR: CLIVE THOMPSONCLIVE THOMPSON

1/8Photos by Naoya Fujishiro

2/8Illustrations by Todd St. John | photo by Naoya Fujishiro

6/8Illustrations by Eric Ku | photo by Naoya Fujishiro

1/8Photos by Naoya Fujishiro
Google owns a lot of computers—perhaps a million servers stitched together into the fastest, most powerful artificial intelligence on the planet. But last August, Google teamed up with NASA to acquire what may be the search giant’s most powerful piece of hardware yet. It’s certainly the strangest.
Located at NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California, a couple of miles from the Googleplex, the machine is literally a black box, 10 feet high. It’s mostly a freezer, and it contains a single, remarkable computer chip—based not on the usual silicon but on tiny loops of niobium wire, cooled to a temperature 150 times colder than deep space. The name of the box, and also the company that built it, is written in big, science-fiction-y letters on one side: D-WAVE. Executives from the company that built it say that the black box is the world’s first practical quantum computer, a device that uses radical new physics to crunch numbers faster than any comparable machine on earth. If they’re right, it’s a profound breakthrough. The question is: Are they?
Hartmut Neven, a computer scientist at Google, persuaded his bosses to go in with NASA on the D-Wave. His lab is now partly dedicated to pounding on the machine, throwing problems at it to see what it can do. An animated, academic-tongued German, Neven founded one of the first successful image-recognition firms; Google bought it in 2006 to do computer-vision work for projects ranging from Picasa to Google Glass. He works on a category of computational problems called optimization—finding the solution to mathematical conundrums with lots of constraints, like the best path among many possible routes to a destination, the right place to drill for oil, and efficient moves for a manufacturing robot. Optimization is a key part of Google’s seemingly magical facility with data, and Neven says the techniques the company uses are starting to peak. “They’re about as fast as they’ll ever be,” he says.
That leaves Google—and all of computer science, really—just two choices: Build ever bigger, more power-hungry silicon-based computers. Or find a new way out, a radical new approach to computation that can do in an instant what all those other million traditional machines, working together, could never pull off, even if they worked for years.
That, Neven hopes, is a quantum computer. A typical laptop and the hangars full of servers that power Google—what quantum scientists charmingly call “classical machines”—do math with “bits” that flip between 1 and 0, representing a single number in a calculation. But quantum computers use quantum bits, qubits, which can exist as 1s and 0s at the same time. They can operate as many numbers simultaneously. It’s a mind-bending, late-night-in-the-dorm-room concept that lets a quantum computer calculate at ridiculously fast speeds.
Unless it’s not a quantum computer at all. Quantum computing is so new and so weird that no one is entirely sure whether the D-Wave is a quantum computer or just a very quirky classical one. Not even the people who build it know exactly how it works and what it can do. That’s what Neven is trying to figure out, sitting in his lab, week in, week out, patiently learning to talk to the D-Wave. If he can figure out the puzzle—what this box can do that nothing else can, and how—then boom. “It’s what we call ‘quantum supremacy,’” he says. “Essentially, something that cannot be matched anymore by classical machines.” It would be, in short, a new computer age.
A former wrestler short-listed for Canada’s Olympic team, D-Wave founder Geordie Rose is barrel-chested and possessed of arms that look ready to pin skeptics to the ground. When I meet him at D-Wave’s headquarters in Burnaby, British Columbia, he wears a persistent, slight frown beneath bushy eyebrows. “We want to be the kind of company that Intel, Microsoft, Google are,” Rose says. “The big flagship $100 billion enterprises that spawn entirely new types of technology and ecosystems. And I think we’re close. What we’re trying to do is build the most kick-ass computers that have ever existed in the history of the world.”
The office is a bustle of activity; in the back rooms technicians peer into microscopes, looking for imperfections in the latest batch of quantum chips to come out of their fab lab. A pair of shoulder-high helium tanks stand next to three massive black metal cases, where more techs attempt to weave together their spilt guts of wires. Jeremy Hilton, D-Wave’s vice president of processor development, gestures to one of the cases. “They look nice, but appropriately for a startup, they’re all just inexpensive custom components. We buy that stuff and snap it together.” The really expensive work was figuring out how to build a quantum computer in the first place.
Like a lot of exciting ideas in physics, this one originates with Richard Feynman. In the 1980s, he suggested that quantum computing would allow for some radical new math. Up here in the macroscale universe, to our macroscale brains, matter looks pretty stable. But that’s because we can’t perceive the subatomic, quantum scale. Way down there, matter is much stranger. Photons—electromagnetic energy such as light and x-rays—can act like waves or like particles, depending on how you look at them, for example. Or, even more weirdly, if you link the quantum properties of two subatomic particles, changing one changes the other in the exact same way. It’s called entanglement, and it works even if they’re miles apart, via an unknown mechanism that seems to move faster than the speed of light.
Knowing all this, Feynman suggested that if you could control the properties of subatomic particles, you could hold them in a state of superposition—being more than one thing at once. This would, he argued, allow for new forms of computation. In a classical computer, bits are actually electrical charge—on or off, 1 or 0. In a quantum computer, they could be both at the same time.
Google and NASA’s Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab
It was just a thought experiment until 1994, when mathematician Peter Shor hit upon a killer app: a quantum algorithm that could find the prime factors of massive numbers. Cryptography, the science of making and breaking codes, relies on a quirk of math, which is that if you multiply two large prime numbers together, it’s devilishly hard to break the answer back down into its constituent parts. You need huge amounts of processing power and lots of time. But if you had a quantum computer and Shor’s algorithm, you could cheat that math—and destroy all existing cryptography. “Suddenly,” says John Smolin, a quantum computer researcher at IBM, “everybody was into it.”
That includes Geordie Rose. A child of two academics, he grew up in the backwoods of Ontario and became fascinated by physics and artificial intelligence. While pursuing his doctorate at the University of British Columbia in 1999, he read Explorations in Quantum Computing, one of the first books to theorize how a quantum computer might work, written by NASA scientist—and former research assistant to Stephen Hawking—Colin Williams. (Williams now works at D-Wave.)
Reading the book, Rose had two epiphanies. First, he wasn’t going to make it in academia. “I never was able to find a place in science,” he says. But he felt he had the bullheaded tenacity, honed by years of wrestling, to be an entrepreneur. “I was good at putting together things that were really ambitious, without thinking they were impossible.” At a time when lots of smart people argued that quantum computers could never work, he fell in love with the idea of not only making one but selling it.
With about $100,000 in seed funding from an entrepreneurship professor, Rose and a group of university colleagues founded D-Wave. They aimed at an incubator model, setting out to find and invest in whoever was on track to make a practical, working device. The problem: Nobody was close.
At the time, most scientists were pursuing a version of quantum computing called the gate model. In this architecture, you trap individual ions or photons to use as qubits and chain them together in logic gates like the ones in regular computer circuits—the ands, ors, nots, and so on that assemble into how a computer thinks. The difference, of course, is that the qubits could interact in much more complex ways, thanks to superposition, entanglement, and interference.
But qubits really don’t like to stay in a state of superposition, what’s called coherence. A single molecule of air can knock a qubit out of coherence. The simple act of observing the quantum world collapses all of its every-number-at-once quantumness into stochastic, humdrum, nonquantum reality. So you have to shield qubits—from everything. Heat or other “noise,” in physics terms, screws up a quantum computer, rendering it useless.
You’re left with a gorgeous paradox: Even if you successfully run a calculation, you can’t easily find that out, because looking at it collapses your superpositioned quantum calculation to a single state, picked at random from all possible superpositions and thus likely totally wrong. You ask the computer for the answer and get garbage.
Lashed to these unforgiving physics, scientists had built systems with only two or three qubits at best. They were wickedly fast but too underpowered to solve any but the most prosaic, lab-scale problems. But Rose didn’t want just two or three qubits. He wanted 1,000. And he wanted a device he could sell, within 10 years. He needed a way to make qubits that weren’t so fragile.
“What we’re trying to do is build the most kick-ass computers that have ever existed in the history of the world.”
In 2003, he found one. Rose met Eric Ladizinsky, a tall, sporty scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab who was an expert in superconducting quantum interference devices, or Squids. When Ladizinsky supercooled teensy loops of niobium metal to near absolute zero, magnetic fields ran around the loops in two opposite directions at once. To a physicist, electricity and magnetism are the same thing, so Ladizinsky realized he was seeing superpositioning of electrons. He also suspected these loops could become entangled, and that the charges could quantum-tunnel through the chip from one loop to another. In other words, he could use the niobium loops as qubits. (The field running in one direction would be a 1; the opposing field would be a 0.) The best part: The loops themselves were relatively big, a fraction of a millimeter. A regular microchip fab lab could build them.
The two men thought about using the niobium loops to make a gate-model computer, but they worried the gate model would be too susceptible to noise and timing errors. They had an alternative, though—an architecture that seemed easier to build. Called adiabatic annealing, it could perform only one specific computational trick: solving those rule-laden optimization problems. It wouldn’t be a general-purpose computer, but optimization is enormously valuable. Anyone who uses machine learning—Google, Wall Street, medicine—does it all the time. It’s how you train an artificial intelligence to recognize patterns. It’s familiar. It’s hard. And, Rose realized, it would have an immediate market value if they could do it faster.
In a traditional computer, annealing works like this: You mathematically translate your problem into a landscape of peaks and valleys. The goal is to try to find the lowest valley, which represents the optimized state of the system. In this metaphor, the computer rolls a rock around the problem-scape until it settles into the lowest-possible valley, and that’s your answer. But a conventional computer often gets stuck in a valley that isn’t really lowest at all. The algorithm can’t see over the edge of the nearest mountain to know if there’s an even lower vale. A quantum annealer, Rose and Ladizinsky realized, could perform tricks that avoid this limitation. They could take a chip full of qubits and tune each one to a higher or lower energy state, turning the chip into a representation of the rocky landscape. But thanks to superposition and entanglement between the qubits, the chip could computationally tunnel through the landscape. It would be far less likely to get stuck in a valley that wasn’t the lowest, and it would find an answer far more quickly.
Inside the Black Box ——————–
The guts of a D-Wave don’t look like any other computer. Instead of metals etched into silicon, the central processor is made of loops of the metal niobium, surrounded by components designed to protect it from heat, vibration, and electromagnetic noise. Isolate those niobium loops well enough from the outside world and you get a quantum computer, thousands of times faster than the machine on your desk—or so the company claims. —Cameron Bird
Thomas Porostocky
A. Deep Freezer
A massive refrigeration system uses liquid helium to cool the D-Wave chip to 20 millikelvin—or 150 times colder than interstellar space.B. Heat Exhaust
Gold-plated copper disks draw heat up and away from the chip to keep vibration and other energy from disturbing the quantum state of the processor.C. Niobium Loops
A grid of hundreds of tiny niobium loops serve as the quantum bits, or qubits, the heart of the processor. When cooled, they exhibit quantum-mechanical behavior.D. Noise Shields
The 190-plus wires that connect the components of the chip are wrapped in metal to shield against magnetic fields. Just one channel transmits information to the outside world—an optical fiber cable.Better yet, Rose and Ladizinsky predicted that a quantum annealer wouldn’t be as fragile as a gate system. They wouldn’t need to precisely time the interactions of individual qubits. And they suspected their machine would work even if only some of the qubits were entangled or tunneling; those functioning qubits would still help solve the problem more quickly. And since the answer a quantum annealer kicks out is the lowest energy state, they also expected it would be more robust, more likely to survive the observation an operator has to make to get the answer out. “The adiabatic model is intrinsically just less corrupted by noise,” says Williams, the guy who wrote the book that got Rose started.
By 2003, that vision was attracting investment. Venture capitalist Steve Jurvetson wanted to get in on what he saw as the next big wave of computing that would propel machine intelligence everywhere—from search engines to self-driving cars. A smart Wall Street bank, Jurvetson says, could get a huge edge on its competition by being the first to use a quantum computer to create ever-smarter trading algorithms. He imagines himself as a banker with a D-Wave machine: “A torrent of cash comes my way if I do this well,” he says. And for a bank, the $10 million cost of a computer is peanuts. “Oh, by the way, maybe I buy exclusive access to D-Wave. Maybe I buy all your capacity! That’s just, like, a no-brainer to me.” D-Wave pulled in $100 million from investors like Jeff Bezos and In-Q-Tel, the venture capital arm of the CIA.
The D-Wave team huddled in a rented lab at the University of British Columbia, trying to learn how to control those tiny loops of niobium. Soon they had a one-qubit system. “It was a crappy, duct-taped-together thing,” Rose says. “Then we had two qubits. And then four.” When their designs got more complicated, they moved to larger-scale industrial fabrication.
As I watch, Hilton pulls out one of the wafers just back from the fab facility. It’s a shiny black disc the size of a large dinner plate, inscribed with 130 copies of their latest 512-qubit chip. Peering in closely, I can just make out the chips, each about 3 millimeters square. The niobium wire for each qubit is only 2 microns wide, but it’s 700 microns long. If you squint very closely you can spot one: a piece of the quantum world, visible to the naked eye.
Hilton walks to one of the giant, refrigerated D-Wave black boxes and opens the door. Inside, an inverted pyramid of wire-bedecked, gold-plated copper discs hangs from the ceiling. This is the guts of the device. It looks like a steampunk chandelier, but as Hilton explains, the gold plating is key: It conducts heat—noise—up and out of the device. At the bottom of the chandelier, hanging at chest height, is what they call the coffee can, the enclosure for the chip. “This is where we go from our everyday world,” Hilton says, “to a unique place in the universe.”
By 2007, D-Wave had managed to produce a 16-qubit system, the first one complicated enough to run actual problems. They gave it three real-world challenges: solving a sudoku, sorting people at a dinner table, and matching a molecule to a set of molecules in a database. The problems wouldn’t challenge a decrepit Dell. But they were all about optimization, and the chip actually solved them. “That was really the first time when I said, holy crap, you know, this thing’s actually doing what we designed it to do,” Rose says. “Back then we had no idea if it was going to work at all.” But 16 qubits wasn’t nearly enough to tackle a problem that would be of value to a paying customer. He kept pushing his team, producing up to three new designs a year, always aiming to cram more qubits together.
When the team gathers for lunch in D-Wave’s conference room, Rose jokes about his own reputation as a hard-driving taskmaster. Hilton is walking around showing off the 512-qubit chip that Google just bought, but Rose is demanding the 1,000-qubit one. “We’re never happy,” Rose says. “We always want something better.”
“Geordie always focuses on the trajectory,” Hilton says. “He always wants what’s next.”
In 2010, D-Wave’s first customers came calling. Lockheed Martin was wrestling with particularly tough optimization problems in their flight control systems. So a manager named Greg Tallant took a team to Burnaby. “We were intrigued with what we saw,” Tallant says. But they wanted proof. They gave D-Wave a test: Find the error in an algorithm. Within a few weeks, D-Wave developed a way to program its machine to find the error. Convinced, Lockheed Martin leased a $10 million, 128-qubit machine that would live at a USC lab.
The next clients were Google and NASA. Hartmut Neven was another old friend of Rose’s; they shared a fascination with machine intelligence, and Neven had long hoped to start a quantum lab at Google. NASA was intrigued, because it often faced wickedly hard best-fit problems. “We have the Curiosity rover on Mars, and if we want to move it from point A to point B there are a lot of possible routes—that’s a classic optimization problem,” says NASA’s Rupak Biswas. But before Google executives would put down millions, they wanted to know the D-Wave worked. In the spring of 2013, Rose agreed to hire a third party to run a series of Neven-designed tests, pitting D-Wave against traditional optimizers running on regular computers. Catherine McGeoch, a computer scientist at Amherst College, agreed to run the tests, but only under the condition that she report her results publicly.
Rose quietly panicked. For all of his bluster—D-Wave routinely put out press releases boasting about its new devices—he wasn’t sure his black box would win the shoot-out. “One of the possible outcomes was that the thing would totally tank and suck,” Rose says. “And then she would publish all this stuff and it would be a horrible mess.”
Is the D-wave actually quantum? if noise is disentangling the qubits, it’s just an expensive classical computer.
McGeoch pitted the D-Wave against three pieces of off-the-shelf software. One was IBM’s CPLEX, a tool used by ConAgra, for instance, to crunch global market and weather data to find the optimum price at which to sell flour; the other two were well-known open source optimizers. McGeoch picked three mathematically chewy problems and ran them through the D-Wave and through an ordinary Lenovo desktop running the other software.
The results? D-Wave’s machine matched the competition—and in one case dramatically beat it. On two of the math problems, the D-Wave worked at the same pace as the classical solvers, hitting roughly the same accuracy. But on the hardest problem, it was much speedier, finding the answer in less than half a second, while CPLEX took half an hour. The D-Wave was 3,600 times faster. For the first time, D-Wave had seemingly objective evidence that its machine worked quantum magic. Rose was relieved; he later hired McGeoch as his new head of benchmarking. Google and NASA got a machine. D-Wave was now the first quantum computer company with real, commercial sales.
That’s when its troubles began.
Quantum scientists had long been skeptical of D-Wave. Academics tend to get suspicious when the private sector claims massive leaps in scientific knowledge. They frown on “science by press release,” and Geordie Rose’s bombastic proclamations smelled wrong. Back then, D-Wave had published little about its system. When Rose held a press conference in 2007 to show off the 16-bit system, MIT quantum scientist Scott Aaronson wrote that the computer was “about as useful for industrial optimization problems as a roast-beef sandwich.” Plus, scientists doubted D-Wave could have gotten so far ahead of the state of the art. The most qubits anyone had ever got working was eight. So for D-Wave to boast of a 500-qubit machine? Nonsense. “They never seemed properly concerned about the noise model,” as IBM’s Smolin says. “Pretty early on, people became dismissive of it and we all sort of moved on.”
That changed when Lockheed Martin and USC acquired their quantum machine in 2011. Scientists realized they could finally test this mysterious box and see whether it stood up to the hype. Within months of the D-Wave installation at USC, researchers worldwide came calling, asking to run tests.
The first question was simple: Was the D-Wave system actually quantum? It might be solving problems, but if noise was disentangling the qubits, it was just an expensive classical computer, operating adiabatically but not with quantum speed. Daniel Lidar, a quantum scientist at USC who’d advised Lockheed on its D-Wave deal, figured out a clever way to answer the question. He ran thousands of instances of a problem on the D-Wave and charted the machine’s “success probability”—how likely it was to get the problem right—against the number of times it tried. The final curve was U-shaped. In other words, most of the time the machine either entirely succeeded or entirely failed. When he ran the same problems on a classical computer with an annealing optimizer, the pattern was different: The distribution clustered in the center, like a hill; this machine was sort of likely to get the problems right. Evidently, the D-Wave didn’t behave like an old-fashioned computer.
Lidar also ran the problems on a classical algorithm that simulated the way a quantum computer would solve a problem. The simulation wasn’t superfast, but it thought the same way a quantum computer did. And sure enough, it produced the U, like the D-Wave shape. At minimum the D-Wave acts more like a simulation of a quantum computer than like a conventional one.
Even Scott Aaronson was swayed. He told me the results were “reasonable evidence” of quantum behavior. If you look at the pattern of answers being produced, “then entanglement would be hard to avoid.” It’s the same message I heard from most scientists.
But to really be called a quantum computer, you also have to be, as Aaronson puts it, “productively quantum.” The behavior has to help things move faster. Quantum scientists pointed out that McGeoch hadn’t orchestrated a fair fight. D-Wave’s machine was a specialized device built to do optimizing problems. McGeoch had compared it to off-the-shelf software.
Matthias Troyer set out to even up the odds. A computer scientist at the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Zurich, Troyer tapped programming wiz Sergei Isakov to hot-rod a 20-year-old software optimizer designed for Cray supercomputers. Isakov spent a few weeks tuning it , and when it was ready, Troyer and Isakov’s team fed tens of thousands of problems into USC’s D-Wave and into their new and improved solver on an Intel desktop.
This time, the D-Wave wasn’t faster at all. In only one small subset of the problems did it race ahead of the conventional machine. Mostly, it only kept pace. “We find no evidence of quantum speedup,” Troyer’s paper soberly concluded. Rose had spent millions of dollars, but his machine couldn’t beat an Intel box.
What’s worse, as the problems got harder, the amount of time the D-Wave needed to solve them rose—at roughly the same rate as the old-school computers. This, Troyer says, is particularly bad news. If the D-Wave really was harnessing quantum dynamics, you’d expect the opposite. As the problems get harder, it should pull away from the Intels. Troyer and his team concluded that D-Wave did in fact have some quantum behavior, but it wasn’t using it productively. Why? Possibly, Troyer and Lidar say, it doesn’t have enough “coherence time.” For some reason its qubits aren’t qubitting—the quantum state of the niobium loops isn’t sustained.
One way to fix this problem, if indeed it’s a problem, might be to have more qubits running error correction. Lidar suspects D-Wave would need another 100—maybe 1,000—qubits checking its operations (though the physics here are so weird and new, he’s not sure how error correction would work). “I think that almost everybody would agree that without error correction this plane is not going to take off,” Lidar says.
Rose’s response to the new tests: “It’s total bullshit.”
D-Wave, he says, is a scrappy startup pushing a radical new computer, crafted from nothing by a handful of folks in Canada. From this point of view, Troyer had the edge. Sure, he was using standard Intel machines and classical software, but those benefited from decades’ and trillions of dollars’ worth of investment. The D-Wave acquitted itself admirably just by keeping pace. Troyer “had the best algorithm ever developed by a team of the top scientists in the world, finely tuned to compete on what this processor does, running on the fastest processors that humans have ever been able to build,” Rose says. And the D-Wave “is now competitive with those things, which is a remarkable step.”
But what about the speed issues? “Calibration errors,” he says. Programming a problem into the D-Wave is a manual process, tuning each qubit to the right level on the problem-solving landscape. If you don’t set those dials precisely right, “you might be specifying the wrong problem on the chip,” Rose says. As for noise, he admits it’s still an issue, but the next chip—the 1,000-qubit version codenamed Washington, coming out this fall—will reduce noise yet more. His team plans to replace the niobium loops with aluminum to reduce oxide buildup. “I don’t care if you build [a traditional computer] the size of the moon with interconnection at the speed of light, running the best algorithm that Google has ever come up with. It won’t matter, ’cause this thing will still kick your ass,” Rose says. Then he backs off a bit. “OK, everybody wants to get to that point—and Washington’s not gonna get us there. But Washington is a step in that direction.”
Or here’s another way to look at it, he tells me. Maybe the real problem with people trying to assess D-Wave is that they’re asking the wrong questions. Maybe his machine needs harder problems.
On its face, this sounds crazy. If plain old Intels are beating the D-Wave, why would the D-Wave win if the problems got tougher? Because the tests Troyer threw at the machine were random. On a tiny subset of those problems, the D-Wave system did better. Rose thinks the key will be zooming in on those success stories and figuring out what sets them apart—what advantage D-Wave had in those cases over the classical machine. In other words, he needs to figure out what sort of problems his machine is uniquely good at. Helmut Katzgraber, a quantum scientist at Texas A&M, cowrote a paper in April bolstering Rose’s point of view. Katzgraber argued that the optimization problems everyone was tossing at the D-Wave were, indeed, too simple. The Intel machines could easily keep pace. If you think of the problem as a rugged surface and the solvers as trying to find the lowest spot, these problems “look like a bumpy golf course. What I’m proposing is something that looks like the Alps,” he says.
In one sense, this sounds like a classic case of moving the goalposts. D-Wave will just keep on redefining the problem until it wins. But D-Wave’s customers believe this is, in fact, what they need to do. They’re testing and retesting the machine to figure out what it’s good at. At Lockheed Martin, Greg Tallant has found that some problems run faster on the D-Wave and some don’t. At Google, Neven has run over 500,000 problems on his D-Wave and finds the same. He’s used the D-Wave to train image-recognizing algorithms for mobile phones that are more efficient than any before. He produced a car-recognition algorithm better than anything he could do on a regular silicon machine. He’s also working on a way for Google Glass to detect when you’re winking (on purpose) and snap a picture. “When surgeons go into surgery they have many scalpels, a big one, a small one,” he says. “You have to think of quantum optimization as the sharp scalpel—the specific tool.”
The dream of quantum computing has always been shrouded in sci-fi hope and hoopla—with giddy predictions of busted crypto, multiverse calculations, and the entire world of computation turned upside down. But it may be that quantum computing arrives in a slower, sideways fashion: as a set of devices used rarely, in the odd places where the problems we have are spoken in their curious language. Quantum computing won’t run on your phone—but maybe some quantum process of Google’s will be key in training the phone to recognize your vocal quirks and make voice recognition better. Maybe it’ll finally teach computers to recognize faces or luggage. Or maybe, like the integrated circuit before it, no one will figure out the best-use cases until they have hardware that works reliably. It’s a more modest way to look at this long-heralded thunderbolt of a technology. But this may be how the quantum era begins: not with a bang, but a glimmer.