As crazy as it sounds, it appears that the ruling elite are preparing to put the world underwater. It seems like the demonic spirits want to create their own BIBLICAL FLOOD to cleanse the world of all the people and things they deem worthless and to bring forth a New World. Kind of a Water Cremation of the inhabitants of the Earth.
In this post, we are going to look at the coming Maritime Future and the forces behind it. I am certain you will be surprised at some of the things you are about to see.
PREPARING US FOR THE COMING WATERWORLD
Warming up the planet to melt the glaciers and flood the earth. Satan playing God as usual. Are they removing the CO2 to prepare us to live in the ocean? Satan created Dagon and worship of Marine entities. He wants to convince humanity that they were created from the Ocean gods and NOT our Heavenly … Click Here to Read More
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The high seas are rife with lawlessness | The Excerpt
Dana TaylorOn Sunday’s episode of The Excerpt podcast: Over fifty million people work on our oceans around the world and over 80% of the goods we consume are delivered by vessels navigating them. But when it comes to maintaining law and order on the high seas, is there anyone really in charge? Journalist Ian Urbina has spent over a decade trying to get to the bottom of this and other pressing questions. The result is The Outlaw Ocean Project, a multiplatform reporting effort whose goal is to support and encourage ethically sourced accountability journalism of all that takes place in or atop our vast oceans. Director and Founder Ian Urbina joins The Excerpt to talk about his work trying to bring accountability to the
An explanation of how a team of journalists from The Outlaw Ocean Project produced a four-year investigation of forced labor and other crimes tied to the Chinese fleet and the world’s seafood supply.
Welcome to YOUR Future. As China is the UN Model for the future world government and is quickly taking its place as NUMBER 1 World Power, you need to be looking at how China runs things and how they treat their citizens. Especially the poor and working class.
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Are There Laws on the High Seas?
© cosmin4000/iStock.com
All governments manage their territories with laws. This is easy enough to understand with respect to solid ground: when you look at a map, borders usually mark where the authority of one country ends and another’s begins. But what about maritime countries, which either border or are completely surrounded by the sea? Do their laws stop at the shoreline? Would that mean that the seas beyond are lawless?
The high seas are not lawless. Well, not completely. According to international law, a maritime country extends outward some distance from its shoreline. During the 20th century several attempts to develop an international “law of the sea” have been made under the aegis of the United Nations. The results of the third and most-recent United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (which took place in Montego Bay, Jamaica, in 1982) were largely successful, with more than 160 countries having signed the agreement by 2017. Several countries, including the United States and others with significant ocean-facing and sea-facing coastlines (such as Colombia, Venezuela, and Turkey) had yet to sign the agreement, however.
Generally speaking, the law of the sea stipulates that maritime countries essentially control their territorial waters from the shore out to a distance of 12 miles (19.3 km), the “12-mile limit.” Within this zone, all laws of that country apply: the country can build, extract natural resources, and either encourage or forbid sea passage through it (or flights over it) just as if it were a parcel of land. Maritime countries are also entitled to an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) made up of the water column and the seabed out to a distance of 200 miles (about 322 km). (The sizes of some EEZs may be limited by the presence of the EEZs of other countries, in which case the overlapping area is often divided equally between the various parties.) The maritime country that owns the EEZ also owns the sea life and mineral resources found within it, but it cannot prevent ships, aircraft, and other vessels from foreign countries from passing through it and over it.
Nevertheless, there is still a lot of ocean beyond the world’s 12-mile limits and EEZs. How are legal matters handled in the vast stretches of ocean beyond? In these regions, vessels and aircraft from any country are free to pass through, fly over, fish, and extract mineral resources. With respect to crimes committed in these areas, the laws of the country owning the vessel or structure upon which the crime has been committed hold sway. This may seem pretty straightforward, but vessels in the sea are often on the move, which creates jurisdictional headaches for investigators and government officials. For example, which country’s laws apply when a person from Country X commits a murder aboard a cruise ship owned by Country Y in international waters, but between the time of the crime and its discovery the ship enters the territorial waters of Country Z? I would say, “the laws of the country owning the vessel or structure upon which the crime has been committed would hold sway” as stated above.
With respect to international crimes—such as piracy, human trafficking, and crimes against humanity—any country or international organization can theoretically claim authority over the matter using the concept of universal jurisdiction. This concept could be used to justify the right of one party or another to thwart the criminal activity as it happens, bring charges against the assailants, and try the assailants in their own national (or international) courts. Since the laws of individual countries and international courts are not recognized by all countries, however, there is often no fully accepted referee. Government officials in one country might choose not to recognize the legal authority of another.
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Published: June 16, 2025 1:34am EDT
The high seas are set to gain a greater level of protection when a long-sought after treaty finally enters into force.
For almost 20 years, nations have debated the need for the High Seas Treaty, intended to protect marine life in the high seas and the international seabed. These marine areas together account for nearly two-thirds of the world’s ocean and harbour a rich array of unique species and ecosystems. The treaty is formally known as the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Agreement.
Many hoped last week’s United Nations Oceans Conference would result in enough nations ratifying the treaty to bring it into force. As of today, 50 states of the 60 required have done so, while another 19 have promised to do so by the year’s end. A greater level of protection for our high seas is well and truly in sight.
By United Nations standards, this is a cracking pace. The treaty-making process itself can take years, particularly as states need to incorporate the treaty into their domestic laws. This speaks to the urgency of the moment. Researchers and authorities have warned that the world’s oceans are now in deep trouble, threatened by climate change effects, overfishing, plastic pollution and other human-caused issues.
Once the treaty enters into force, nations can begin to propose high seas marine protected areas, which could limit fishing and other activities. The question then will be how to police these marine protected areas.
How did we get here?
In June 2023, the High Seas Treaty was adopted by consensus at the UN Headquarters in New York. It was a long time coming.
For decades, nations argued and negotiated over what this treaty might look like. How could the marine genetic resources of this global commons be shared fairly and equitably? How could protected areas be designated and managed? What was eventually thrashed out was a comprehensive international legal framework able to better protect and safeguard the rich and diverse web of life inhabiting the deep sea.
Getting to this point was a real achievement.
But for this treaty to enter into force, 60 countries have to ratify it. This means their governments must consent to be legally bound by the terms of the treaty.
While Australia has pledged to ratify the treaty, it is still working through the ratification and domestic legal process. On a positive note, Environment Minister Murray Watt has indicated this will happen before the end of the year.
What will the treaty actually do?
At present, the high seas are regulated by a patchwork of global, regional and sectoral frameworks, instruments and bodies. However, none of these have a core mandate of protecting the biodiversity of the oceans.
In 1982, the Law of the Sea Convention was adopted, giving every coastal nation rights over the waters extending to 200 nautical miles (370 kilometres) from their coastline.
Once you are past this, you’re in the high seas – the swathes of ocean not controlled by any one nation.
If and when it comes into effect, the High Seas Treaty would give the world a way to set up large marine protected areas in the high seas. (Like they have done onland. Seizing most of our best land to protect obscure fungi, tree frogs and apex predators. This is nothing less than AGENDA 2030 for the ocean.) It would also apply to the international seabed – the seabed, subsoils and ocean floor lying beyond the continental shelf of a coastal state.
Any new protected areas would likely have restrictions on activities such as fishing and shipping. But this will need to be done in consultation with relevant international bodies such as the International Maritime Organisation and regional fisheries management organisations.
The treaty would go a long way to reaching key conservation goals set under the 2022 Kunming-Montreal Biodiversity Pact, which calls for protection of at least 30% of the world’s marine and coastal habitats by 2030.
The treaty also sets up a mechanism for the sharing of benefits from marine genetic resources, financial and otherwise. Bacteria living in deep-sea ecosystems have attracted much scientific and commercial attention for potential use in medical research or pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industries. Genetic resources from sea sponges have given rise to antiviral drugs targeting COVID and HIV as well as anti-cancer drugs.
These resources were a major sticking point during the long negotiations.
Many coastal countries lack the ability to participate in high seas research. As a result, they can miss out on these and other benefits. The High Seas Treaty recognises this and sets up a strong framework for capacity-building, technology transfer and technical assistance for developing nations.
When will the oceans get a reprieve?
Once the 60th nation ratifies the High Seas Treaty, it will enter into force 120 days later. This date could be as soon as May 1 next year, if the threshold is reached on January 1.
Once this happens, this will be the date upon which the treaty gains legal force, meaning nations will have to comply with its obligations.
That doesn’t mean huge new marine parks will come into being. There’s still much work to do to hash out the mechanics of how the treaty would actually work, how it would be overseen and how it would work with the International Seabed Authority which oversees deep-sea mining and the Antarctic Treaty System, among others. Negotiators face more work ahead to solve these outstanding issues before the real work can begin.
That’s not to diminish this achievement. The progress on this treaty has been very hard won. Once it’s in effect, it will make a concrete difference.
The Lex Rhodia (Law of the Rhodes) is the world’s earliest code of maritime law. The law was published in the Digest by Emperor Justinian I in the 6th century and was influenced by maritime law on the Greek Island of Rhodes. The law provided a basis to prevent and solve maritime disputes between seafaring merchants in the Mediterranean sea.
Photo Credit: metmuseum.org
Emperor Justinian I
Emperor Justinian I, was a former Byzantine Emperor who ruled from 527 to 565 CE. Justinian I was born around 482 CE in Tauresium, a village in Illyria, and was brought up by his uncle who took the throne after the death of Anastasius I Dicorus. He was most notably remembered for his ambitious foreign policies to restore the Western Roman Empire from hostile takeovers by the Persians and the Barbarians. He is also widely known for his production of a comprehensive guide to Roman law, The Codex Justinianus (The Justinian Code). He reigned for almost 40 years and he is still remembered today as one of the most notable Byzantine Emperors in history.
The Codex Justinianus
The Codex Justinianus was a comprehensive collection and guide to Roman laws that was published in the 6th century and consisted of a series of four textbooks:
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Codex Constitutionum 529 CE
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Digesta 533 CE
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Institutiones 533 CE
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Novellae Constitutiones Post Codicem 534 CE
It is important to note that none of the textbooks were written by Emperor Justinian I himself but by a group of scholars and jurists, however; they did include some of the laws created by Justinian I as part of their guide to Roman law. All of the texts in the Codex contained exhaustive research done by the committee as assigned by the emperor and were fully written in Latin. The Codex was a complete, extensive guide to Roman law and contained important legal notes from notable Roman jurists like Ulpian. It was also widely used as textbooks for law students at the time.
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Lex Rhodia
When Emperor Justinian I commissioned the Codex Justinianus in the 6th century, the group of scholars and jurists who published the Codex took ideas, notes, and, laws from emperors and jurists precedent to them. They compiled an exhaustive collection of Roman laws that were created before Justinian I, including ones created by him.
The Greek Island of Rhodes was an important point for trading across the Mediterranean and was one of the wealthiest states in the Eastern Mediterranean area. It is important to note that Lex Rhodia was based on the Digest created during the 6th century in the Byzantine empire but it was also influenced by maritime customary law that was used on the Island of Rhodes since the Greek classical age. The Lex Rhodia was not a single statute but a series of regulations concerning commercial trade and maritime disputes. The laws primarily concerned the loss or damage of cargo.
5th to the 4th centuries BC
| The Classical Era of Rhodes spans from the 5th to the 4th centuries BC1. During this period, Rhodes was a significant cultural and commercial hub in the Hellenistic world2. The island flourished for three centuries during the Golden Age until the Roman period3. In the Minoan and Mycenaean periods, Rhodes was an important center of trade and cultural exchange in the Aegean |
| Classical Greece was a period in Ancient Greece history that lasted 200 years during the 5th and 4th centuries B.C. This era of Greek history had a profound influence on the Roman Empire and laid the foundations of Western society and politics. The Athens in particular left more written works, literature, and plays than other city-states, which has given historians a unique perspective and greater understanding of the Athenians. Source |
| The Classical Period of ancient Greece, spanning from around the 5th century BCE to the 4th century BCE, stands as a pivotal era in the evolution of Greek mythology. During this time, mythology was not merely a collection of stories; it was a fundamental aspect of Greek culture that influenced religion, politics, and social norms. The primordial gods and goddesses produced the demi-gods, goddesses, oracles and heroes of the classical period. These entities were very real to the people of the Classical Period. They ruled! They made the LAWS. |
Law of jettison
Carrying cargo was a risky business for merchants and shipowners alike. The damage or loss of cargo can have a devastating impact on traders especially if there wasn’t an alternate option to protecting the cargo such as during storms where the goods had to be thrown overboard to protect the ship or pirate raids. The law of jettison was one of the surviving parts of the Codex Justinian which states that the cost of cargo which has been jettisoned (dropping something from an aircraft or ship) must be shared by the shipowners, owners of the cargo, and passengers. This provided insurance for the loss of cargo which would affect merchants.
During this timeframe, the demons, gods, goddesses, demigods, spirits, trolls, elves, giants and devils ruled mercilessly. If you did not offer satisfactory sacrifices to them and seek their approval and permission they could become very violent and destructive.
“…If the cargo has been jettisoned to lighten a ship, the sacrifice for the common good must be made good by common contribution.” This principle of sharing losses, also called ”general average” proved a liability for loss. This principle is still applied in maritime law.
Even centuries later, the people were at the mercy of their “gods” especially when travelling the seas. This was a major reason the merchants of Ancient Rhodes sought to be reimbursed for their losses at sea. It is also why they felt justified in charging the merchants and the passengers, feeling that all carried the same responsibility for the cargo they had to “SACRIFICE” to appease the gods.
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The Unusual Question the Sailors Asked Jonah and What it Tells Us About God
Read these verses from Jonah 1:4-8 and see if you pick up on the unusual question they ask Jonah,
Then the Lord sent a great wind on the sea, and such a violent storm arose that the ship threatened to break up. All the sailors were afraid and each cried out to his own god. And they threw the cargo into the sea to lighten the ship.
But Jonah had gone below deck, where he lay down and fell into a deep sleep. The captain went to him and said, “How can you sleep? Get up and call on your god! Maybe he will take notice of us so that we will not perish.”
Then the sailors said to each other, “Come, let us cast lots to find out who is responsible for this calamity.” They cast lots and the lot fell on Jonah. So they asked him, “Tell us, who is responsible for making all this trouble for us? What kind of work do you do? Where do you come from? What is your country? From what people are you?”
Did you catch the question they asked him? They asked him “who is responsible for making all this trouble for us?” Well, the lot fell on Jonah…so obviously he is the problem but they don’t believe that is all there is to it. Notice, they cast lots to find out who is responsible…the lot fell on Jonah…so one would think he is responsible but clearly they think something else is going on here that Jonah has the answer to.
Part of the answer lies in the fact that Jonah had already told them he was running away from his God. The question Jonah has an answer to is not what Jonah has done to cause this (they already have some idea about that) but who is actually responsible for the storm. Obviously, the only one who can be responsible for a storm must be some sort of divine being who controls things like that.
9 Jonah answered, “I am a Hebrew, and I worship the Lord, the God of heaven, who made the sea and the land.”
10 The sailors were terrified when they heard this, for he had already told them he was running away from the Lord. “Oh, why did you do it?” they groaned. 11 And since the storm was getting worse all the time, they asked him, “What should we do to you to stop this storm?”
The answer they are looking for can also be surmised from the rest of their questions regarding his nationality and work. Nationality and work were often tied up into the gods one worshiped. So the “who” they are looking for is the name of a god. Once they know that name, they can try to find a way to appease whichever god it might be “who is responsible for this calamity.”
What makes this even more obvious is Jonah’s answer and their reaction,
He answered, “I am a Hebrew and I worship the Lord, the God of heaven, who made the sea and the dry land.”
There was a view in the ancient world that gods had spheres of influence and responsibility. Baal was god of the storm. Asherah was queen of heaven. Jonah tells them Yahweh is “God of heaven, who made the sea and the dry land.” Jonah answered their question…his God controls the heavens (wind and rain) and the sea (waves) and that answer scares them even more.
Once you have the responsible party pinned down to a diety the only reasonable solution is to find out how to appease that “god” and that is what they ask Jonah next and what Jonah tells them how to accomplish,
The sea was getting rougher and rougher. So they asked him, “What should we do to you to make the sea calm down for us?”
“Pick me up and throw me into the sea,” he replied, “and it will become calm. I know that it is my fault that this great storm has come upon you.
Instead, the men did their best to row back to land. But they could not, for the sea grew even wilder than before. Then they cried out to the Lord, “Please, Lord, do not let us die for taking this man’s life. Do not hold us accountable for killing an innocent man, for you, Lord, have done as you pleased.” Then they took Jonah and threw him overboard, and the raging sea grew calm. At this the men greatly feared the Lord, and they offered a sacrifice to the Lord and made vows to him.
Our God is not like the limited false gods of the ancients. Our God is maker of all things and his sphere of influence and power encompasses everything. That is not something ancient people were all that used to hearing and out of that revelation came conversion. God’s first converts in the book of Jonah were not in Ninevah…they were on a pagan boat out in the stormy sea and Jonah wasn’t the messenger…he was the message. What God did to Jonah was the message that convicted these men of the reality of Yahweh, that He is not a regional “god” or a god confined to a certain sphere or influence and responsibilities…He is the One, true God and is over all things.
What does that mean for us? It means we cannot confine God to a box or a pre-approved set of responsibilities or areas of influence. God is Lord over every single area of our lives…and so we submit to Him and try hard not to compartmentalize our spirituality to a church building or to Sunday.
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When someone or something contradicts the narrative of the Ruling Elite, they simply erase it. Do away with it. Kill it/them. Then erase them from written history wherever possible.
This was the fate of the Telkhines/Telchines.
Who Were the Telchines?
The Telchines were malevolent wizards and respected artisans who forged weapons for the gods and who were feared for their destructive magic.
The Telchines were thought to be the original inhabitants of the island of Rhodes. They were also present on Ceos and Crete. Hesiod called them malignant wizards, and Ovid celebrated their legendary skill as artisans. They were described as fish-like creatures and demons who acted as guardians and nurtured Poseidon and Zeus. Although they often helped the gods, their hubris and lust for power eventually led to their downfall.
The Telchines were strange creatures associated with the sea and often referred to as fish children. They were known to have fin-like hands and dog-like heads. Descriptions of them are similar to those of merfolk, with some accounts stating that they had a fish’s lower body and a human-like upper body. Their skin was described as rough, like echinoids or sea urchins, which are hard-shelled sea animals with venomous spikes. (As the Telchines were by all accounts shapeshifters, it is not surprising to find conflicting stories about their appearance. They could take any shape they desired.)
However, the Telchines were not limited to the sea and were also said to be able to walk and live on land. Due to the limited information available about the Telchines, descriptions of them are fluid and varied, allowing them to adapt to different settings and functions, underwater and on land, depending on the account.
The Telchines are complex creatures with both benevolent and malevolent qualities. Their duality can be attributed to their two most prominent features: their formidable magical abilities, often referred to as demonic, and their unmatched metallurgic and artistic skills.
The Telchines had the ability to control nature itself, and their powers were believed to be on par with those of the mighty Olympians. They could create lightning and snow, manipulate the seas, and even bring about devastating earthquakes. Furthermore, the Telchines could produce a poisonous substance that could harm all living things.
In addition to their power, the Telchines could change their shape at will. However, their use of magic was mostly malevolent. They were known to cause harm and curse innocent people, making them a destructive force to be reckoned with. The Telchines were accused of committing a heinous act by mixing the waters of the Styx with sulfur in their hands and pouring it over the fertile fields of Rhodes. This act resulted in the destruction of all plant and animal life on the island.
The Telchines were known not only for their skills in metallurgy but also for stone sculpting. They were the first to create marble statues of the gods, and the ancient Greeks highly regarded their masterpieces. According to the historian Diodorus Siculus, the Telchines were responsible for crafting statues of ApolloandHeraon the island of Rhodes in Lindus and Camirus, respectively.
No Rest for the Wicked
Magicians, artists and craftsmen, the Telchines are the proverbial jacks-of-all-trades – yet they are also atypical masters of all. Considered by most ancient authors to be malevolent daimons of the sea, the Telchines have no one specific role in mythological stories but rather serve to enhance chaos and mayhem. Though they are rarely mentioned directly in what survives of ancient texts, when they are referenced, their destructive magic far outweighs the technical capabilities of these mythical creatures.
The Origins of the Telchines
The beginnings of the Telchines (Telkhines in Greek) remains up for debate, as is often the case with ancient mythologies. While some Greek and Roman writers thought the Telchines were siblings of the Furies (aka Erinyes) and born of the genital blood of Kronos’ father Ouranos, most tend to adhere to the likelihood that they were children of Thalassa, the sea.
It can also be argued that in a way the Telchines were the children of both, as Ouranos’ blood falling into the ocean is what birthed Aphrodite, and it falling on the earth birthed the Furies; however, this does not appear explicitly stated. Nevertheless, the Telchines play an early role in the life of the Olympians, the grandchildren of Ouranos, as they aided the goddess Kapheira in the raising of Poseidon, their future king of the sea
According to Eustathius and John Tzetzes, these daimons often used their powers over the natural world to cause mayhem. As magicians, the Telchines were able to use the forces of nature as the gods could. They are recorded as being able to “produce earthquakes, lightnings, and storms, and, like Proteus, change their shapes at will.”
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Who were the Telchines?
The Telchines were mysterious sorcerers and metalworkers of Greek mythology who lived on the island of Rhodes.
Telchines were direct descendants of the original primal gods and some of the earliest beings depicted in Greek mythology.
In some myths, they are nurturers and caregivers, in others they are quite demonic. According to some descriptions, they had magical powers over the heavens, able to summon storms at will. They used these powers for evil and guarded their magical secrets very carefully, something that certainly did not sit well with the gods.
it was the Telchines who were “the discoverers of certain arts and that they introduced other things which are useful for the life of mankind. They were skilled metalworkers and crafted sophisticated tools of bronze and iron, such as sickles and other tools.
It is when the Telchines combined their metallurgical abilities with their magic, however, that they were at their most powerful. They created Poseidon’s trident, the sickle that was horrifically used on Uranus, and a cursed necklace, all of which made them principal, albeit hidden, characters in some of the most popular Greek myths.
The myths that have survived describe them as smart, skilled, industrious, and powerful creatures. The magic and skills they possessed affected many different critical facets of Greek society.
The Greeks were seafarers, and a great number of myths describe storms and shipwrecks at the hands of various sea monsters. The Telchines, who had power over the sea, were blamed for sudden storms, although they don’t seem to have gotten much credit for calm seas.
Their ability to control the weather also affected agriculture, and when floods or droughts appeared, Greek farmers believed it was the work of the Telchines.
Other accounts credit them as the first to construct statues to honor the gods or talented metallurgists who created many of the gods’ weapons, such as Poseidon’s legendary trident.
In a demonstration of both their artistic skill and their ingenuity, they were also the first to erect statues in honor of the gods, a tradition that became extremely prevalent in Greek society and even more so in later Roman times.
There is a great deal of consensus on why they were eventually punished. For one reason or another, they mixed Styx water and sulphur in order to kill the plants and livestock on their native island of Rhodes. This obviously caused great harm to its human inhabitants.
The Telchines were wiped off the face of the earth.
How, of course, depends on the myth. Either Zeus struck them down with lightning or flood, Apollo appeared in the form of a wolf to finish them off, or Poseidon, whom they used to babysit, took it upon himself to kill them.
The Telchines were largely removed from the written record.Some scholars say that early Greek authors, such as Pindar, largely excluded them because they cast a bad light on those from Rhodes and didn’t fit his larger morality goals for the myths he was retelling.[6] Strabo says they were maligned and erased because so many were jealous of the Telchines’ awe-inspiring craftsmanship and magical powers.
Or perhaps it was just a matter of the myth’s popularity in ancient times. Would you rather hear that the seas were controlled by the mighty Poseidon or some fishy dog creatures?
Myths Involving the Telchines
If you think of Greek mythology as one enormous movie, the Telchines are the production crew. They’re the ones creating the sets, taking care of the lighting, and doing all the little things necessary to make the film.They might briefly appear on screen as an extra, but almost all of what they do is behind the scenes.
Consider their role in the following myths.
Castration of Uranus
Cronus, considered one of the most evil Greek gods,lusted after the power possessed by his father Uranus.After Uranus and Gaia had some arguments over how to raise their children—Uranus thought some of them should be banished to the depths of the Hades—Gaia decided to help Cronus take the throne.
To do so, she and Cronus would need a formidable weapon.They went to the Telchines, who crafted and designed an enormous sickle of unimaginable power.
Gaia asked Uranus to meet her, but had Cronus hiding nearby.At her signal, Cronus leapt from his hiding place and castrated his father with the sickle. Uranus was never quite the same, and Cronus assumed the throne.
The Birth of Poseidon
Poseidon’s father, Cronus, was not only a castrator, but he also had a penchant for eating his children if he saw them as a threat to his throne.Poseidon’s mother Rhea had to be quite creative in hiding any offspring, so she told Cronus that she’d given birth to a horse instead of a god.
Cronus apparently bought it, and Rhea spirited away her real child, Poseidon, to Rhodes, where she asked the Telchines to raise him.
Poseidon’s Trident
One of the first images that springs to mind when you think of Greek gods is probably the mighty Poseidon emerging from the sea with his trident aloft.
Guess who made that trident. That’s right, the Telchines.
The Telchines crafted the trident out of gold and brass and imbued it with the power to control the sea and the earth. With that trident, Poseidon could create rivers, start earthquakes, and control the winds and seas.
Well, the Telchines could not possibly imbue the Trident with those kinds of powers unless they had those powers themselves. Apparently, Poseidon was not born with them, or given them ZEUS or JUPITER or even PONTUS. But, it was the TELCHINES who gave him those powers.
Necklace of Harmonia
Telchines were the creators of the necklace.
The necklace carried both an enticing blessing and a heinous curse.Whoever wore it would look eternally young and beautiful, but also face dire consequences.
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The Telchnines (Telknines, Telkhis, Telegonus, or Greek, Τελχῖνες) were a daemon tribe of artists, magicians, warriors and merchantswho at one time resided on the island of Crete (Krete) in approximately the year 1600 BC. Crete is known in Greek mythology as the birthplace of the God, Zeus who was born there on a mountain called Mount Ida. Some of the greatest of all legends come from this sacred island,that is the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and was once called the jewel of the Aegean Sea.
Various historical accounts from many different authors tell of the people known as the Telchnines,who some had called the Curetes or other various names. Strabo had written, that these are the names of the various groups of daimones or demonsknown as the Curetes (Kuretes)
Plutarch had said, “that according to a divine nature and justice, the souls of virtuous men are advanced to the rank of daemons; and that from demons, if they are properly purified, they are exalted into gods, not by any political institution, but according to right reason.”
The following individual names of the Telchines or Daemons are attested in various sources:
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Known female Telchines were Makelo, Dexithea (one of Damon’s daughters) and probably Lysagora (the attesting text is severely damaged).(Wikipedia)
The Telchines of Crete were masters of magic, and part of this art is the skill of concealment and word play which they had perfected. Hence, the magical Telchnines would be known throughout history over the last three thousand years by a multitude of various names such as the Curetes (Kouretes), Cappadocians, Corbanytes, Phoenicians, Syrians or White Syrians, Sea Peoples, Philistines and the Minoans; just to name some. Strabo had written in his book ‘Geography’, the connection between the Telchines, Curetes and the Corbanytes;
The people and priesthood, known under one of their names as the Telchines,had originated on the island of Crete and were placed in charge of protecting Zeus (Jupiter or Jove) by his mother Rhea from his vengeful father, Cronus (Saturn). Rhea had hidden the infant Zeus in a cave on the island and then placed him in the care of these priests known by many names. I had written about the people known as the Curetes, who are also called the Telchnines and the island of Crete in my article, Crete: The Lost Island of Atlantis;
Herodotus had said that the Curetes had come to Crete with the Phoenician Prince Cadmus. In Latin Crete is called, “Cappadocia or Cappadocian” who were known asa large tribe of the Magi and are also called fire-kindlers. Herodotus tells us that the name of the Cappadocians was applied to them by the Persians, while the Greeks had simply called them, “Syrians” or “White Syrians.” The Latin name of the Cappadocians were known as “the men of Caphtor”, who we can call today, “the men of Crete.”
This same story of Zeus and Crete, is almost the exact same story like that of King Melissus of Cretewho first began the 
practice of sacrifice to the Gods and introduced new rights and sacred ceremonies to the priesthood.Melissus was the eldest and leader of the nine Curetes of Crete. The meaning of the name Melisseus is “bee-man,”and another form of Melissus, in Cretan means, “honey-man.” (Could this be the source of the “HIVE” mentality for control over the masses?) He had two daughters, Amalthea and Melissa who nursed the child Jupiter, and fed him with goat’s milk and honey.
19th century English lexicographer, Sir William Smith Kt. had described the mythology surrounding the Telchines as a family or tribe that had come to Crete and which represents three different skill sets in his book, “A Smaller Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology, and Geography;”
TELCHINES (-um), a family or a tribe said to have been descended from Thai a sea or Poseidou (Neptmie). They are represented in 3 different aspects:
(1.) As cultivators of the soil and ministers of the gods. As such they came from Crete to Cyprus, and from thence to Rhodes, where they founded Camtrns, Ialysus, and Lindus. Rhodes, which was named after them Telchinis, was abandoned by them, because they foresaw that the island would be inundated. Poseidon was intrusted to them by Rhea, and they brought him up in conjunction with Caphira, a daughter of Oceanus. Rhea, Apollo, and Zeus (Jupiter), however, are also described as hostile to the Telchines. Apollo is said to have assumed the shape of a wolf, and to have thus destroyed the Telchines, and Zeus to have overwhelmed them by an inundation.
(2.) As sorcerers and envious daemons.Their very eyes and aspect are said to have been destructive (possibly the source of the “EVIL EYE”?).They had it in their power to bring out hail, rain, and snow, and to assume any form they pleased (shapeshifters): they further mixed Stygian water with sulphur, in order thereby to destroy animals and plants
(3.) As artists, for they are said to have invented useful arts and institutions,and to have made images of the gods.(They started the practice of idol worship, and creating statues, which God forbids)They worked in brass and iron, and made the sickle of Cronos and the trident of Poseidon.
ETYMOLOGY OF TELCHINES
The Greek word Telchines is a compound word combining the three words, Tel, chi and nes. The word tel or tele, a form of tele, meaning “afar, far off.” The word Chi is the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet, (X) pronounced /’ka?/ or /’ki?/ in English. Chi or x is a symbol or number for Christ whose name in Greek (XpiVros, “Christos”) begins with this letter which is often used to abbreviate the name Christ, as in the holiday Christmas (Xmas). Christos means “anointed one” or “messiah.”In Plato’s Timaeus, it is explained that the two bands which form the soul of the world cross each other like the letter x.The word “nes or ines” in Spanish is “Inés,( orEenés),” which in Latin is the name Ynez and in French Agnes. Agnes \ag-nes\ as a girl’s name is pronounced AG-ness. It is the Latin form of the Greek name Hagnes, meaning “pure, holy.”
Hence, they were the original anointed priesthood from far off (The East)who were the pure and holy priests placed in charge of our savior (Poseidon?).They were and are still in charge of religion, magic and commerce.
CONCLUSION
On the island of Crete, the Telchines had perfected their skills in art, religion, and magic; they had also invented various methods of pharmaekiawhich is the Greek word for sorcery. They would eventually profane the gifts of the Gods, by turning their white magic into black by poisoning nature, animals and humans. For many centuries, the Telchnines had ruled from Crete before spreading their culture of magic and war to various parts of the world. The Greek historian Homer had said, “various tribes jostled each other in that island,” and eventually the gods had killed the Telchines for their magical crimes against humanity and nature, particularly, when they produced a mixture of Stygianwater and sulfur, which killed animals and plants. Crete would be destroyed, along with all its inhabitants from the result of a massive volcanic erruption that brought earthquakes and floods to the island.
However, there would be some survivors of the flood. One of them would be the God of Fire, Hephaestuswho became Vulcan in Rome, and was also known as the biblical Tubal Cain. Tubal Cain and his sons would spread out around the world, and who the first century Jewish Historian, Josephus Flavius described in “The Antiquities of the Jews;”
Nay, even while Adam was alive, it came to pass that the posterity of Cain became exceedingly wicked, every one successively dying one after the other, more wicked than the former.They were intolerable in war, and vehement in robberies; and if any one were slow to murder people, yet was he bold in his profligate behaviour, in acting unjustly, and doing injury for gain.
Tubal Cain had descended from Cain, the son of Lamech and Zillah, and the brother of Naamah. Tubal is said to be the last soul survivor of the race of Cain after the flood. The Sons of Tubal Cain, his descendants are first recorded in the inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser I, by the King of Assyria in approximately the year 1100 BC. Later they are also reported by Tukulti-ninurta II, Ashurnasipal II, Sargon and Shalmaneserr III, and are mentioned as the Mushki.
The Mushkihad become the founders of Moscow in modern-day Russia. A subject for a future article.
MORE SUPPORTING RESEARCH
An Historical Account of the Heathen Gods and Heroes: By William King page 24 –
Of Vesta, Rhea, Ops or Cybele, the Wife of Saturn.
IT is no easy Matter to distinguish between this Vesta, and her Mother, of whom Mention has been made before, and another Vesta, who was a Virgin, and her Daughter. The Poetical Historians, after their usual Custom, attributing to one the Character and the Actions of the other.
This Goddess had various Names, as Magna Mater, Mater Deerum, Pafithea, the Great Mother, and Mother of all the Gods; as she represented the Earth, Die was by the Latins called Ops, from the Help and Assistance she brings to all things in the World. The Greeks called her Rhea, from the many Blessings that flow from her continually, and therefore a Sow was sacrificed to her to denote her Fruitsulness; she was highly honour’d in Phrygia, and receiv’d many Names from diverse Places in that Country, as Cybtle, Dyndimene, Dea Pastmuntia, Idea, Mygdonia, Bererynthia; her greatest Magnificence uses to appear when she makes her Progress through the Cities of Phrygia; she rides in her Chariot drawn by Lions, her Head crown’d with Towers, and is adorn’d with all the beauteous Objects the Earth produces, and attended by an hundred Celestial Gods, being all of them her own Divine Offspring.
The Priests of this Goddess were the Idœi Dafiili, the Cut et es or Cory han tes, and the Telchines, who were all of the same Kindred and Family.
The Matt DaSHli were the ancient Inhabitants of Crete, and had their Original from Mount Ida in Phrygia, and were called Daclili from being Ten in Numher, according to that of the Fingers. They carried their Rites and Mysteries into Samotbracia, and were said to have found out the use of Fire, to have discovered the nature of Iron, Brass, and others Metals, and to have invented many other things of great Use and Advantage to mankind, and that they were therefore reputed as Gods or Dæmons.
The Curetes were descended from the Da&M; they first taught Men how to manage Flocks of Sheep, and to tame and breed Herds of other Cattle, to gather Honey, to live in Societies, to hunt, cast Darts, use Swords, Targets and Helmets, of which they were the Inventors; to these Curetes Rhea committed the Care of Jupiter, to preserve him from his Father Saturn; they by dancing in Arms, and clashing of their Weapons to the sounds of Pipes, Drums and Cymbals, made such a Noise as might drown the Cries of the Infant God.Hepaclidcs Ponticus says the Curetes born in Crete were the first Mortals that appeared in brazen Armour,and that their Rendezvous was in Eubæa, that they had the Education of “Jupiter, became afterwards his Fellow6draiers m his Wars, and at last placed him in his Father’s Kingdom.
Rhea had other Priests in Crete, who afterwards transplanted themselves to Rhodes; they were call’d the Telthines, and were the Offspring of Thalajsa, or the Sea; they together with Caphira, Daughter of Oceanus, had the Education of Neptune, who was committed to them by this Goddess; for this caresul Mother is said to have preserved Neptune and Pluto, as well as Jupiter, from their ‘devouring Father. These Telchines were reported to have been Magicians, able to transform themselves into divers Shapes, and to raise Winds and Tempests pells at their Pleasure, others thought them Dæmons prefiding over the Winds; others, that they were the Hinds themselves, such as were in the Heavens, at Sea, and in the Caverns of the Earth, every where conducing to the Product of Beings, and to the healthful Support of them, but that these Winds wou’d sometimes destroy the Labour of Mankind, and seem to threaten the Overthrow of Nature, when they burst forth in their Rage and Fury.These Telchines had another Character of being great Artists, and were said to have invented many usesul Things, particularly the making of Statues, and setting’ up the Images of the Gods,
The Corybcntes were of the same Original as the Curetes, and the peculiar Priests of Cybcle the Great Mother in the Island of Samothrace, were they celebrated the Mysteries of the Cabin, which were conceal’d with a sacred Silence; these Gods were call’d Cabiri, or Omnipotent, from a most ancient word Cabir which had that Signification; they were four m Number, who had mystick Names, but were the same as Ceres, Proserpine Pinto and Mercury, tho’ Jupiter and Bacchus are thought to have been the two first of the Cabiri. Dardanus, the Son of Jupiter and ElcElra, brought the Samothraiian Rites into Phrygia, where Cyhelc, Widow to his Brother Jef.nn, who being belov’d by Ceres, was receiv’d among the Gods, call’d the Goddess Rhea after her own Name, and gave the ancient Priests the Curetes the Name of Cory han tes from her own Son Coryhas. ‘
The Phrygians report that Mæones heretofore relgn’3 . in Phrygia, that he married Dyndima, and by her had a Daughter, call’d Cyhele, which she expos’d in the Mountain Cyhelus, that she was nourished there by Lionesses and wild Beasts, till found by fome Shepherdesses; as she grew in Years
Archaic England: An Essay in Deciphering Prehistory By Harold Bayley page 493 –
In Candia or Talchinea, the Cabiri were worshipped as the Telchines, and as chin or khan meant in Asia Minor Priest as well as King, and as the offices of Priest and King were anciently affiliated, the term talchin (which aB we have seen was applied to St. Patrick) meant seemingly tall .or chief King-Priest.The custom of Priest-Kings adopting the style and titles of their divinities renders it probable that the historical Telchins worshipped an archetypal Talchin.
The original Telchins are described by Diodorus, as first inhabiting Rhodes, and the Colossus of Ehodes was probably an image of the divine Tall King or Chief King. It is related that Rhea entrusted the infant Neptune to the care of the Telchines who were children of the sea, and that the child sea-god was reared by them in conjunction with Caphira or Cabira, the daughter of Oceanus.
“The Telchines…were masters of magic, and part of this art is the skill of concealment and word play which they had perfected.”
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This Article explains the Historical Development and Codification of the Law of the Sea in International Law
Law of the Sea in Ancient Era:
- In the 7th century, the “Lex Rhodia,” also known as the “Rhodian Sea Law,” was drafted. It governed commercial trade and navigation in the Byzantine Empire and had named after the independent kingdom of Rhodes in the Mediterranean Sea.
Claims to Maritime Sovereignty:
- During the 15th and 16th centuries, powerful maritime states made numerous claims to exercise sovereignty over specific portions of the open sea.
- Portugal claimed sovereignty over the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean south of Morocco.
- Spain claimed sovereignty over the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico.
- Great Britain claimed sovereignty over the Narrow Seas, the North Sea, and also the Atlantic Ocean from the North Cape to Cape Finisterre.
- Sweden and Denmark claimed sovereignty over the Baltic Sea.
- Moreover, these claims involved requiring navigating vessels to honor the flag of the claiming state as a symbol of recognition of its sovereignty, levying tolls from foreign ships, and controlling foreign navigation and fisheries.
Freedom of the Seas:
- In 1609, Hugo Grotius, considered the father of International Law, opposed extensive claims of maritime sovereignty in his treatise “Mare Liberum” (The Freedom of the Seas).
- Grotius also argued that no nation could possess the ocean through occupation, making the sea inherently free from the sovereignty of any state.
- He further asserted that nature did not grant anyone the right to appropriate things that could be used by everyone, including the open sea.
- The principle of “freedom of the high seas” began to develop as conflicting claims to the same parts of the open sea proved inconvenient for all states.
- The Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 also played a role in shaping the concept of maritime sovereignty.
Important Court Cases:
- The Paquete Habana Case (1899): The US Supreme Court considered the capture of small coastal fishing vessels flying the flag of an enemy state. Moreover, the majority of the Court recognized an exemption for small coastal fishing vessels from capture as prize.
- The SS Lotus Case (France vs. Turkey) (1927): The majority of the Permanent Court of International Justice denied the existence of a principle of international law prohibiting Turkey from prosecuting the captain of a French vessel involved in a collision on the high seas.
Codification of the Law of the Sea:
- The First United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea in 1958 successfully codified the Law of the Sea.
- The conference adopted four conventions: Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, Continental Shelf, High Seas, and Fishing and the Conservation of the Living Resources of the High Seas.
- The conference left unresolved issues such as fishery limits and the breadth of the territorial sea, leading to the Second United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea in 1960.
- UNCLOS, 1982: After multiple sessions, the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea adopted the draft of the Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982.
- The convention entered into force on November 16, 1994, and has been ratified by 167 states.
Importance and Criticisms:
- The Convention on the Law of the Sea is considered a major international agreement, with provisions that are binding on states as customary international law.
- The US has faced criticism for not ratifying UNCLOS, with arguments made that it undermines the US’s ability to call on other nations to resolve maritime disputes.
- The case concerning the Continental Shelf of Libyan Arab Jamhuriya/Malta (1985, ICJ) also acknowledged the importance of the 1982 Convention as a significant legal framework.
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A TYPE ONE CIVILIZATION (a BUCK ROGERS TYPE OF SYSTEM) “HARNESSED IT’S PLANETARY POWER, THEY CONTROL EARTHQUAKES, THE WEATHER, VOLCANOES. THEY HAVE CITIES ON THE OCEAN. ANYTHING PLANETARY THEY CONTROL.
That is TYPE 1.
A TYPE THREE CIVILIZATION (EMPIRE FROM STAR WARS) POWERED BY BILLIONS OF STARS.
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15 Incredible Underwater Hotels That Will Leave You Speechless
Atlantis the Palm, Dubai
When you’re off exploring the world, you always expect to experience something different, discovering new places and cultures that will help you create amazing memories. But let’s face it, most hotels where you’re going to stay are pretty much the same.
Unless we’re talking about some extraordinary eco hotels, cool micro hotels or charming European castles where you can spend the night, they’re all almost the same. Yes, some offer you very nice experiences, magical views, luxurious amenities and world class service, but in general they’re not all that different.
The ones on this list though are spectacular because they are built partially or fully under water, and they will literally leave you speechless. These underwater hotels take the expression “room with a view” to the next level and if you’re a big fan of water, sea creatures and marine life, this article is definitely for you.
Even though some of these hotels are still design proposals, most of them are already out there waiting for you and they probably offer the world’s most spectacular views. You can dine and be within feet of the underwater world, the only thing separating you could be big a glass window. Or better yet, you can wake up and go to sleep next to the creatures of the sea. Cool is not even a right adjective to describe the experience!
Here are the world’s most incredible underwater hotels that will surely give you some Insta worthy pictures and unforgettable memories!
15. Hydropolis, Dubai
Hydropolis Concept
This project has been in the works since 2006, and once fully completed it’s supposed to be the largest and most expensive underwater resort in the world. The reason for several delays is cost, of course, but also location. The first site they were planning to build on was deemed unsuitable, and once the location was finalized the builders couldn’t get all the costs under way.
Hydropolis underwater restaurant
Too bad, because the prospectus looks amazing. The above-ground portion will be shaped like a dome out of a sci-fi movie, and the 220 luxury suites will all be underwater. I, for one, cannot wait to see it come to fruition, even though chances are I won’t be able to afford it!
14. Lovers Deep Submarine from Oliver’s Travels
Lovers Deep Submarine
This submarine hotel is the perfect honeymoon spot for newlyweds that have a penchant for marine life. Water lovers will love to make this experience unique, and the Mile Low Club, who is in charge of this venue will cater to your particular needs.
Lovers Deep Submarine Room / Oliver’s Travels
You will get your own personal chef that can create any type of menu you desire, you can opt for breakfast in bed, have rose petals on the bed and wait for you upon arrival, and the list goes on. For a pretty steep price, all of this is yours. You only live once though, right? Get married in a venue that will be a once in a lifetime adventure, and you will stand out of the crowd.
13. Poseidon Undersea Resort, Katafanga Island, Fiji
Poseidon Undersea Resort
Another interesting proposed underwater retreat is the Poseidon Undersea Resort, not far from the island of Fiji. You can have a mermaid style wedding, spectacular views for your special day, and it will surely be an affair to remember.
Poseidon Undersea Resort Rooms
To reach the resort you will ride in a submarine, and for some extra fun, you can even learn how to drive it yourself. I don’t know about you, but that sounds extremely cool. Who says you have to do things the traditional way?
12. Huvafen Fushi, Maldives
Huvafen Fushi Maldives Spa
Although the rooms of this hotel are not underwater, all of their treatment rooms are. Their on-site spa, Huvafen Spa & Pearl, offers customers an array of treatments, but their massages are their most relaxing and enjoyable treats.
Huvafen Fushi Maldives restaurant
There’s nothing quite as peaceful as getting pampered while enjoying a view of the underwater world. Among other amenities available is a private white sand beach, an infinity pool, and first class snorkeling spots. A good option for your next vacation.
11. Subsix Niyama, Maldives
Subsix Niyama Maldives restaurant
This underwater fine dining restaurant is located in the Niyama hotel in the middle of the Indian Ocean. To get there, you can take a speedboat from the mainland and descend a three-tier staircase. Enjoy a lovely meal for either breakfast, lunch or dinner, admiring the view while being surrounded by water.
Niyama Maldives
Although the hotel is only partially underwater, the restaurant-bar area hosts parties and events a few times a month, and you can reserve it for your own private party. The idea of dancing the night away underwater sounds pretty spectacular, doesn’t it?
10. Jules’ Undersea Lodge, Florida
Jules Undersea Lodge
Jules’ Lodge in Key Largo, Florida, is fully submerged underwater and that makes it very special. In order to get to it you have to know how to scuba dive and that is the only way to reach it. If you don’t know how to beforehand, you will have to take a course before reaching your accommodation. For the adventurers at heart, this is a dream come true.
Robert Holland/KRT
Once inside, the lodge has two bedrooms, even wi-fi, and if you want, you can get food to be brought to you by a “mer-chef”. And yes, they will have to scuba-dive as well to get to you. The mangrove lagoon that surrounds the lodge is surreal, and the hotel used to be a research lab once upon a time.
9. Utter Inn, Sweden
Utter Inn
One of the most reasonably priced rooms you will get underwater is at the Utter Inn, which is located in Lake Malaren, near Stockholm. A simple yet romantic little getaway at an interesting little hotel makes for an experience you will enjoy. The underwater room can be reached by climbing down a hatch in the floor of the above water little red house.
Utter Inn underwater room
The room has windows all round so you can feel close to the sea creatures, and the wooden deck is a nice spot to admire your surroundings and take in some sun.
8. Reef Suites, Whitsunday Islands, Australia
Reefsuites Underwater Room
The Whitsunday Islands in Australia offer you some great adventures. The Great Barrier Reef is easily one of world’s most popular tourist destinations, but if you want to be at one with the sea, try to book a stay at the Journey Beyond Reef Suites. 46 Miles from Queensland, you will get the opportunity to snorkel the reef, after which you can get some dinner under the stars.
Reefsuites Aerial View
Then, to end the day, you can retire to your private room which is located below deck. The floor to ceiling and wall to wall windows offer you a 360 degree view of all marine life has to offer.
7. Planet Ocean Underwater Hotel, Key West, Florida
Planet Ocean Underwater Hotel
Key West will soon be home to one of the most amazing hotels in the United States. Planet Ocean Underwater would be located 30 feet below the surface, and you will be able to access it via a glass elevator that takes you down to your room. All the while you’re staying there you get a panoramic view of the aquatic life surrounding it.
Planet Ocean Underwater Hotel Room
You will get a guided tour by a marine biologist, who will teach you about marine life. The only thing is that you need to reserve your spots fast, because only 90 couples will get the privilege of staying at the Key West location. After that, the hotel will move on to different locations such as Japan, Singapore and Thailand.
6. Al Mahara at Burj Al Arab Jumeirah, Dubai
Al Mahara Restaurant at Burj Al Arab
Another wonder venue from Dubai, Al Mahara is easily one of the most outrageous restaurants in the world. If you can afford it, this amazing place could be the cherry on top of an unforgettable vacation to Dubai. With luxury suites that are all two stories high, not to mention some high-end amenities, you will get pampered for your entire stay at Burj Al Arab.
Al Mahara Underwater restaurant
The on-site restaurant, Al Mahara, serves some of the best seafood in the world, while being surrounded by a floor-to-ceiling aquarium. If you don’t take our word for it, give it a try. Another pretty amazing feature the hotel is famous for is that they rehabilitate Hawksbill turtles right on the premises.
5. InterContinental Shanghai Wonderland, China
InterContinental Shanghai Wonderland Underwater Suite
The Shimao Wonderland Intercontinental luxury resort was built in 2018 inside an abandoned quarry. 30 miles from Shanghai, this wonderland boasts amazing views of the surrounding natural scenery. These unique accommodations offer you two underwater floors with several Underwater View Premier suites for an unforgettable experience.
InterContinental Shanghai Wonderland Underwater Suite
From their two-level Duplex suite you can feel as if you’re in an aquarium yourself. If you’re not lucky enough to be able to snag one of the suites though, their restaurant, Mr. Fisher, is found one floor below water. That way you will at least get to dine while admiring the underwater world.
4. The Manta Resort, Tanzania
Manta Resort Underwater
This resort in Tanzania offers you your own private floating villa called the Underwater Room, which you can access by boat from the mainland. It is on the west coast of the Pemba Island, within the resort’s perimeters, but you get your privacy since it is not attached to the main building. You are literally floating in the middle of the ocean!
Manta Resort Underwater Room
There is a landing deck equipped with a lounging area and a bathroom, and you can go up to the rooftop for sunbathing or stargazing at night. Your bedroom is located below deck, and it has a 360-degree view of the underwater life. There are many types of exotic fish, octopus, and squid that live there, so your view is truly marvelous.
3. Resorts World Sentosa, Singapore
Resorts World Sentosa Underwater Room
This large resort has a little something for everyone on your list. From four amusement parks, a casino, a cruise ship, a museum, to the seven hotels that are located on the same property, you will have plenty to explore. But the piece de resistance is surely the Ocean Suites, which are just like two-story townhouses, but underwater.
Resorts World Sentosa Underwater View
They have an above ground patio with jacuzzi on the upper level and the private underwater suite on the bottom. Home to the world’s largest aquariums, you can gaze at the 40,000 types of fish and other sea creatures from your bed and get a view of the Singapore Strait.
2. Atlantis the Palm, Dubai
Atlantis the Palm Underwater Suite
Everything in Dubai is expensive, and so are the two suites that are underwater at Atlantis, The Palm. You get to choose between the Neptune or the Poseidon, and they both include free airport transportation, a free 30 minute personal training session, and 24/7 in-room dining. With amazing views of the Arabian Sea you might not want to leave your room.
Atlantis the Palm Underwater Suite Bathroom
The Ambassador Lagoon is the resort’s aquarium that has over 65,000 sea creatures, and you can gaze at them through the floor-to-ceiling windows of your underwater rooms. The resort is built on the Palm Jumeirah man-made island that looks like a palm tree. The accommodations are super luxurious, which may justify the steep price. Up to you to decide!
1. Conrad Maldives Rangali Island, Maldives
Conrad Maldives Rangali Island Underwater villa
The first ever underwater hotel villa, Conrad Maldives‘ two-story villa called Muraka (or Coral, in Dhivehi) is set at 16 feet underwater below the Indian Ocean. Their above water bungalows have been around for years, but the underwater villa was constructed in 2018. While staying there, make sure you dine at their famous Ithaa Undersea Restaurant, an all-glass dining establishment that is submerged in water.
Conrad Maldives Rangali Island underwater restaurant
Treat yourself with their locally sourced seafood options for a culinary delight. Above ground, the views of the Indian Ocean are breathtaking. The three-bedroom suite that features an underwater bedroom is a real treat for marine life lovers.
I don’t know how you feel about spending a night underwater with the fish, but it sounds like a once in a lifetime experience, one you will never forget. All these places sound pretty amazing, and if you can swing it, why not? Enjoy all that life has to offer, we only have one life to live. Let us know if you ever visit any of these places, we’d love to hear from you!
Are they building the MARITIME LAW WATER WORLD??
How Cities Are Now Building Mega Projects Faster Than Ever
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Ark Hotel in China by Remistudio
Designed to withstand natural disasters, this new hotel concept would float and function independently on the surface of a body of water, providing a green, self-sustaining environment for guests.
[Image Source : Remistudio]
The shell-inspired Ark design has a load-bearing system of arches and cables which maintain an even weight distribution to withstand earthquakes, whilst the prefabricated frame allows for a fast and easy construction.
The internal garden provides a lush escape for guests by acting as a greenhouse and enough daylight is filtered throughout the internal rooms to reduce the need for lighting.
[Image Source : Remistudio]
The design also integrates photovoltaic solar cells, a rainwater collection system and a frame that is protected with layer of self-cleaning and recyclable ethyltetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) – the same material used in the Beijing National Aquatic Center.
Aside from the eco-credentials, it’s a stunning design that seems to jump straight out of a science-fiction film. We can only hope that the worst global warming predictions prove inaccurate and it doesn’t become the 22nd Century’s holiday destination of choice.
[Image Source : Remistudio]
The Ark was designed by Remistudio with the assistance of the International Union of Architects’ program “Architecture for Disaster Relief.”
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Oxagon, the world’s largest floating industrial complex
What is Oxagon?
Located on the Red Sea coast, Oxagon, which will be considered the floating industrial complex, is set to offer direct connectivity to NEOM and other regions as well as a city 100 percent powered by renewable energy.
The area will have an interesting octagonal shape,with part of it on land and the other piece lying on the Red Sea,designed to be a good alternative to shipping traveling through the Suez Canal and to minimize the impact on the environment.
“It will contribute to Saudi Arabia’s regional trade and commerce and support creating a new focal point for global trade flows.”Author / source
The words used by Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia Mohammed bin Salman, also known as MBS, highlight the importance of the Oxagon project for Saudi Arabia’s government and its NEOMproject.
The hub will reportedly establish one of the world’s first fully integrated port and supply chain ecosystemsfor NEOM, where logistics and rail delivery facilities are set to be unified in order to produce zero carbon emissions and follow Vision 2030’s idea of a sustainable environment for its residents and visitors.
“Oxagon will be the catalyst for economic growth and diversity in NEOM and the Kingdom, further meeting our ambitions under Vision 2030,”MBS wrote.
Due to its complexity, the plan will integrate many technology assets that will be able to reach Oxagon’s goals, including features of Industry 4.0 and a real-life testing environment, to provide a top-notch quality of life to its residents and a rapid manufacturing process for companies.
What are Oxagon main features ?
Source : neom
Just like every big project, Oxagon is composed of many features that, together, are set to transform the location into one of the most important trading hubs on our planet. Here they are.
A port integrated with the supply chain
As mentioned previously, one of the main goals involving the project is to establish a sustainable area with a fully integrated supply chain system, which will end up providing connectivity to global trade routes.
The plan has the creation of the Integrated Digital Supply Chain Orchestration Platform (IDSCOP) as one of its main pillars, as it will reportedly be designed to provide a single physical and digital network that integrates port, logistics, and rail delivery systems.
“The agile and integrated physical and digital supply chain and logistics system will allow for real-time planning, resulting in secure on-time delivery, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness for industry partners,”described Nadhmi Al-Nasr, CEO of NEOM.
A sustainable port
Sustainability is one of the main, if not the main, characteristics behind NEOM’s project, and it will also be a priority for Oxagon.
The idea is to power the region using 100 percent clean energy, with renewable solar, wind, and green hydrogen-based energy.
“Oxagon will support organizations looking to run and manufacture sustainability, allowing them to make the biggest impact on the world and the smallest impact on the planet,”states NEOM’s official website.
A research & innovation campus
Another main aspect of Oxagon is its responsibility in helping our society in the journey to achieve a clean industry process.
This is the main reason why, inside the hub, a sector will be dedicated to an innovation campus, where research dedicated to developing products and processes to help the transformation of a more sustainable industry will take place.
“Oxagon will innovate to create a truly circular economy with a collaborative environment built around research and innovation. Oxagon’s innovation campus will host the Education, Research, and Innovation (ERI) ecosystem to rival established global centers,”Al-Nasr wrote.
The importance of Industry 4.0 in Oxagon
The world has already experienced three industry revolutions. In the late 18th century, water and steam power started to be used in spite of humans and animals. Later, oil, gas, and electric power were the main resources in the manufacturing process. The third revolution had the introduction of machinery as its main trademark.
Now, society is experiencing its fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, which even governments are having a hard time dealing with as smart machines and factories are helping companies produce more and more efficiently.
Industry 4.0 will have a direct impact on Oxagon and will take a look at how it will be done, but first of all, how does it work ?
What are the main characteristics of Industry 4.0 ?
The increasing automation and the use of smart machines and factories can be a simple definition of the process involving Industry 4.0.
It is also said that this manufacturing process plays a huge role in the efficiency of the production, as with that, manufacturers are likely to better meet customer demands via mass customization and connect the main information of the procedures into one operational data.
What are the main technologies behind Industry 4.0?
There are several features that englobe the environment of Industry 4.0, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and cybersecurity.
Out of the several technologies, AI is probably the most known in our society, and it has caused many discussions about the limits of its usage.
According to different experts on the subject, it can allow manufacturing companies to take advantage of the volume of information generated not only there but also at their business units and their partners.
As it can bring so many advantages to one company and be a key factor in the information gathering process, AI, along with the other components, will be part of Oxagon, and here is how.
How will Oxagon take advantage of Industry 4.0 ?
One of the main priorities of Oxagon is to build an advanced ecosystem to help its partners develop an efficient and rapid manufacturing system, and Industry 4.0 will be one of the tools used by local companies to have a successful journey.
According to al-Nasr, the IoT, human-machine fusion, artificial and predictive intelligence, and robotics are features that are part of the new industry revolution and will be used in Oxagon to provide top-of-mind production in the hub.
“All of which are coupled to a network of fully automated distribution centers and autonomous last-mile delivery assets to drive NEOM’s ambitions of creating a seamless, integrated, intelligent, and efficient supply chain,”Author / source
What is Oxagon’s impact on the country’s economy ?
Previously in our articles, we commented on how The Line and Trojena are likely to bring a lot of investments to Saudi Arabia through tourism.This time, Oxagon is also one of the projects inside NEOM, but in a different way.
Reducing the country’s dependency on oil is one of the main goals of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, and the investment of more than $2 billion in the development of a floating port city comes as a good alternative to achieving it.
“Oxagon will be one of the world’s most technologically advanced logistics hubs with state-of-the-art integrated port and airport connectivity,”al-Nasr declared.
Through its strategic location near the Suez Canal, thousands of ships are likely to pass through Oxagon, which is likely to force many shipping companies to establish headquarters in the area to better coordinate the traffic in the zone.
Why are real estate businesses already making their first moves in Oxagon ?
Almost two years after its announcement, Oxagon is already accelerating the country’s economy by attracting the investment of many international companies that want to be part of the project.
Other than the Duba Port, the city will also be the home of many workers and visitors that will flock to the kingdom to witness the world’s largest floating structure in a green environment, and this is the reason why big players in the hospitality industry have already planted their seeds in the region.
The attractiveness of an offer of a sustainable environment at an economic hub
With hundreds of millions directly impacted by daily pollution, the offer of a 100 percent renewable energy city can be a huge attractionfor many trying to escape the problems of living in a harmful environment.
For example, last week, thousands of Indians had to visit emergency rooms due to breathing problems caused by air pollution. According to local media reports, the air quality index (AQI) in Delhi surpassed 500. Anything above 150 is classified as unhealthy.
The possibility of working at what is likely to be one of the most important economic hubs in terms of maritime trade in the world without having to face the drawbacks of polluted air is likely to be a key factor in attracting more visitors and residents to the area.
“Oxagon complements the same philosophy and principles of THE LINE (which was announced in January 2021) and will offer exceptional livability in harmony with nature,” Al-Nasr affirmed.
IHG Hotels & Resorts will have an Indigo property in Oxagon
In August, the British hotel group IHG Hotels & Resorts sealed a deal with Oxagon’s team and will have a 250-key Hotel Indigo property in the area.
“As our presence in the market continues to grow, we are committed to supporting the goals of Saudi Vision 2030 by offering exceptional hospitality experiences to leisure and business travelers visiting the country,”wrote Haitham Mattar, IHG’s Managing Director of India, the Middle East, and Africa.
The hotel will reportedly be situated inside the residential part of the city and will include a spa, a wellness facility, and a 24-hour fitness center. It is expected to welcome guests in 2026.
How is the project going ?
In the beginning of November, Oxagon reportedly reached an important goal by breaking ground on its research campus, which will have approximately 200,000 square meters.
Additionally, the city has received its first major delivery of wind turbines, which will be used to develop the world’s largest green hydrogen plant.According to local media reports, at least 250 turbines will be installed to power the facility in Oxagon.
It will reportedly integrate as much as 4 gigawatts of solar and wind energy to produce up to 600 tons of carbon-free hydrogen daily,which will save at least 5 million tons of CO2 every year.
The city has already sealed deals with hotel groups, such as IHG Hotels & Resorts, and more investment in the housing sector is likely to arrive as the plan is to receive its first residents by 2024.
The onshore part of the city is reportedly set to be completed by 2030.
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Over the past 10 years, no country has invested more in the rest of the world than China. Since commencing its Belt and Road Initiative in 2013, China has invested over $950 billion in infrastructure and other development projects over 140 countries, building roads and railways, cultivating energy supplies, and expanding its influence across the globe.International ports are one of the largest and most controversial sectors of Chinese overseas spending. Over the last decade, China has invested more than $30 billion in overseas port development, allowing China to gain a critical foothold in key geopolitical hotspots. While the investments have spurred economic development in host countries and improved infrastructure around the world, they have also raised concerns about sovereignty and debt sustainability. Critics argue that many of the more vulnerable recipient countries risk falling into debt traps that may force them to cede strategic assets to China in order to repay loans, bolstering the Red Dragon’s global naval power. A closer look at the data reveals the key ports where overseas investment is allowing China to gain a strategic military foothold.To determine the key strategic areas where China is building overseas ports, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed data on development projects financed by China in foreign countries from AidData, a research lab at the College of William & Mary. Ports were ranked based on the total, inflation-adjusted value of development projects funded by the Chinese government and state-owned institutions from 2000 to 2021.Financial values were converted from original currencies to constant 2021 U.S. dollars and aggregated according to AidData recommendations. Supplemental data on primary investment sector and the largest project by amount invested were calculated from the AidData dataset. Investment per capita was calculated using population averages from 2000 to 2021 from the World Bank.
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The Revolutionary Canal That Could Change Africa Forever
WATCH THE VIDEO
Ibrahim traore
1.14K subscribers
219 views Jun 15, 2025 REINO UNIDO
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4 months ago
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CHEK THIS OUT!! At a time when the infrastructure of the United States is crumbling while we send more and more money and supplies all over the World to help everyone but our own citizens!
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PEOPLE, PEOPLE, PEOPLE… All of these mega projects that are rerouting water, building rivers where there were none, controlling the weather, and greening the deserts cannot continue without completely upsetting the world’s ecological balance. God created the world in perfect balance. He holds all things together and HE is the one who has authority over the weather and the Waters!
All these mega projects are simply sinful mankind taking authority that is not theirs, usurping GOD and shaping the world to suit their selfish desires. NOT COOL GUYS! God will not be mocked. He WILL take back what is HIS.
We are too late in the game for pussyfootin around. WAKE UP. YOU MUST UNDERSTAND. WE DO NOT WRESTLE WITH FLESH AND BLOOD. DEMONIC SPIRITS ARE BEHIND EVERYTHING THAT IS HAPPENING IN THE WORLD< BUT FOR THE SPIRIT OF GOD.
SPIRITS DO NOT DIE. THE ANCIENT SPIRITS THAT ENTERED THE WORLD ARE STILL HERE!! No matter what name you call them…they are the SAME from generation to generation. The rule of first mention is in tact. The names first given to these spirits are the root. All that matters in the spirit world is the root. That was the source, the beginning. The source will tell you the nature of the spirit you are dealing with.
As the ages came and went, different people in diverse places named these entities with their own language. But, the character is still the same. No matter that the names changed.
The ruling elite worship these beings/entities. They do nothing without seeking the direction and blessing of these beings/entities/gods/spirits. You had better believe that.
NOW, that being said…these entities are not GODS or GODDESSES. The powers that they possess are not given to them by the CREATOR. At this time, the fallen angels still hold dominion over the things of the EARTH. So, these demonic entities have power. YES, INDEED THEY DO. But, if you are seeking them out for power in your life, you better think again. They do not give anything… Any power or gift or blessing you might receive at their hand… is a trap. It comes to you at a VERY HIGH PRICE both in eternity and right here on earth. THEY WILL EVENTUALLY DEMAND from you – BLOOD. Lives as sacrifice.
Anyway, that is a topic for another time. Right now we are going to look at the Spirit or Spirits behind the coming WATER WORLD/MARITIME RULE OF THE EARTH.
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Primordial God of the Sea |
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Source: https://www.greekmythology.com/Other_Gods/Pontus/pontus.html
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Have you ever found yourself mesmerized by the stories, legends, and mysteries that swirl in the bountiful depths of Greek mythology? If yes, then let’s dig into one such gem.
Today, we’ll delve into the mystical world of Pontus, the primordial God of the Sea, who holds a distinctive place in ancient Hellenic tales.
Introduction to Pontus: The Primordial Sea God
Let’s embark on a wonderfully curious journey, where we navigate through ancient Greek tales and slowly unfold the mystery surrounding Pontus—one of the first deities, a primordial Sea God. We’ll start with some context on Greek mythology before introducing the uniqueness of Pontus in this web of divine entities.
Discovering the Mystery of Pontus in Ancient Tales
Greek mythology harbors a sea of stories, legends, and myths that still ripple into our folklore, literature, and art today. It represents an essential part of human culture—providing insight into ancient civilizations’ perceptions of life, morality, and nature.
Navigating these waters is an exciting voyage where you encounter fascinating characters like Pontus—the embodiment of seasthat predates even the most supreme gods like Zeus.
Pontus in Greek Mythology
As we sail into this sea of mythology deeper, we come across Pontus, who is unlike any other deities. As per Hesiod’s treatise, Theogony—a seminal work explaining Greek cosmogony—Pontus is one among the first-born entities called ‘primordial’.
Uniquely conceived without parental intervention he emerges from Chaos;he symbolizes the sea itself. His stoic existence forms an integral part of the undercurrent shaping multiple narratives within Greek tales—an entity stirring waters at every turn.
The Origins of Pontus
Let’s now take a step back and explore the unique birth story of Pontus. Greek mythology is laden with tales woven with epic births, and the Sea God’s origin is no exception.
The Birth of a Deity Without a Consort
In an incredibly extraordinary scenario, Pontus emerged without a known father figure. No divine consort was associated with his birth, making him an entity like no other in Greek mythology. Here are some standout features of this incredible birth:
- One-of-a-kind creation:Being born without any father or partner sets Pontus apart from most divine beings.
- Autonomous existence:This emphasizes Ponuts’s independence in the narrative, highlighting his self-sufficient existence from the get-go.
- Symbolic significance:His unusual creation signals something profound about the primordial nature of the sea in Greek thought—it exists on its terms beyond constraints.
Gaea’s Union with Primordial Forces
Despite not having a traditional paternal figure involved,there was indeed one significant player involved in bringing forth Pontus—Mother Earth herself, Gaea (also known as Gaia). Her union with primordial forces resulted in giving life to Pontus among others.
- Primordial Parents:Gaea along with Chaos and Eros belong to an exclusive family group that sired other deities.
- Gaea’s Role:
She turned out to be an incredibly resourceful and independent deity who gave way to many prominent figures; it marks her bold presence within mythology. - Resultant Progeny:As per Ancient texts, from Gaea’s alliance sprang great entities such as Ouranos (the sky), Ourea (mountains), and last but not least -Pontus -the Sea God
Divine Family Ties of Pontus
In Greek mythology, family connections often reveal intricate and captivating tales. The lineage of Pontus is a vivid example of this. As we trace his progeny,we unwrap fascinating relationships intertwined with celestial and monstrous beings.
A Progeny of Gods and Monsters
When you take a deeper dive into the enigma that is Pontus, you unearth remarkable offspring that unequivocally etched their mark in Greek mythology:
- Nereus: Known as ‘The Old Man of the Sea,’Nereus was marked by wisdom and respected for his kindness.
- Thaumas: Representing wonderment amidst deep seas,Thaumas embodied all things awe-inspiring under watery realms.
- Phorcys and Ceto: This potent pair was synonymous with hidden terrors beneath sea waves.Their union spawned many known sea monsters.
- Eurybia: She was known to hold dominion over the power of sea currents.
These descendants inherently absorbed traits from their parentage, distinctly mirroring their control over various elements within oceanic depths – indisputably reflecting their vibrant lineage back to Pontus himself. The result? A mesmerizing progeny firmly entrenched in legendary folklore for all times to come.
Understanding the Impact of Pontus’ Offspring
An impactful element in the narrative of Pontus’ life is absolutely the unique collection of his offspring. Associated with an array of sea entities, they allude to diverse natural phenomena and even trace a route to legendary figures such as Achilles.
How Sea Creatures Reflect Nature’s Phenomena
Pontus’ offspring aren’t your standard kids on the block; think godly sea creatures! Ingeniously, each carries distinctive characteristics; and together, they form a vivid representation of nature’s phenomena.
For instance, consider Phorcys, who stands tall as a personification of hidden dangers in the ocean depths. Then there’sCeto, bringing aroma from sea-beasts and monsters often linked with fear,an effect often experienced when facing vast oceans or terrific storms.
Legacy Through Heroes – From Thetis to Achilles
As we navigate through nodes connecting Pontus to later heroes in Greek mythology, one interesting link showcases itself via Thetis’, one of his granddaughters. A renowned sea nymph by virtue herself, Thetis is known for her role as Achilles’ mother,connecting further evidence between this primordial god and great heroes like Achilles himself!
Underneath these fascinating connections lays a testament: Even though not discussed often as other Greek divinities, Pontus’ strong ties in crucial mythological narratives remain undeniable.
Cultural Influence of Pontus Throughout History
Stepping back from ancient tales and legends, let’s explore the lasting cultural influence of him that reverberates even today. From shaping beliefs around sea life to inspiring countless expressions in art, let’s take a closer look at how this primordial sea god seeped into the collective consciousness.
Ancient Views on Sea Life Originating from Divine Presence
Indeed, Pontus’ influence was so significant that he shaped how ancient Greeks viewed various aspects of their daily lives—most notably, sea life. He wasn’t merely recognized as an entity in mythology, but rather:
- A Divine Presence in Daily Lives: The Greeks held high respect for figures like Pontus and Thalassa—the primordial water entities—which carried over into their perceptions of the world around them.
- Source of Marine Life:The concept that all marine wildlife originated from Pontus and maintained his divine influence was widely prevalent and respected.
In simple terms: To the ancient Greeks, diving into the azure depths was akin to exploring regions influenced by divine presence. That’s some food for thought!
Enduring Symbolism in Artistic Expressions
Pontus’ significance didn’t end with shaping views towards marine life; his reach extended further. Touching both arts and literature throughout history up until today:
- Visual Arts:One could find multiple representations inspired by the deity within sculptures or pottery designs.
- Literature:His name frequently popped up in works written by renowned authors of their times.
The image formed through these artistic expressions is unlike any other—almost as vast, deep, unpredictable yet enticing as the seas himself!Allowing us to connect with this extraordinary figure across time radically altered how we perceive things even today—in keeping our imagination alive!
Check Other Greek Gods:
- Aether – The Greek God of Light and The Upper Sky
- Greek God Zephyrus: Uncover Secrets of the West Wind Deity
- Uranus: Discover the Mysteries of the Greek God of the Sky
- Oceanus | The Mighty Titan of Greek Mythology
- Discover Greek God Prometheus: The Fire-Bringing Titan
FAQs
Who were some of Pontus’s most famous descendants?
Some prominent descendants of him include Nereus, the wise Old Man of the Sea; Thaumas, the personification of wonder and awe; Phorcys, a sea deity representing hidden dangers; Ceto, often associated with marine creatures and perils; and Eurybia, symbolizing sea’s constant power.
Why was Pontus important to ancient Greek seafarers?
As a primordial Sea God in Greek mythology, he signified the vast unknowns and mysteries of the sea. Ancient mariners worshipped him for safe voyages and bountiful catches.
How did Pontus influence Greek culture beyond mythology?
Beyond mythology, he significantly influenced Greek cultural perceptions. Reverence for this divine being prompted widespread respect for marine life and emphasis on understanding natural phenomena related to the sea.
Conclusion
The enchanting tales of Pontus—the primordial Sea God—carry a depth that goes beyond simple mythology.It threads our understanding of natural phenomena, familial ties, and divine presence.
His birth mystery, unique lineage, and immense impact through offspring like Thetis, impart meaningful insights about the ancient world and its interpretation.
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Poseidon and Pontus: What is the Difference?
By Andy Watkins|
Updated on
Both Poseidon and Pontus were Greek gods of the sea. While Poseidon is considerably more famous, Pontus (or Pontos) was the primordial personification of the sea.
But how did these gods compare?
Poseidon was the ruler of the sea, while Pontus was the very embodiment of it. Like Poseidon, Pontus was often overshadowed by his brother – Zeus for Poseidon, and Oceanus for Pontus. However, while Poseidon and Zeus ruled over different divisions of the world, Pontus’s role was often entirely eclipsed by that of Oceanus. Pontus was not a particularly active god. He was more of a primordial being who served to sire many of the later gods and monsters. Poseidon, however, interacted very closely with humanity and his power over the ocean was only one part of his strength and fame.
What’s the difference between Poseidon and Pontus?
Family
Poseidon
Poseidon was the son of Cronus (Time) and Rhea (flow, discharge or stream), the Titans. He was a brother to Zeus, King of the Gods, Hades, Hestia, Demeter, and Hera.
Amphitrite bore him Triton, Benthesikyme, and Rhodos, even though in some accounts Aphrodite is considered the mother of Rhodos. Other famous children of his include the cyclops Polyphemus, the hunter Orion, and the winged horse Pegasus.
Pontus
Pontus was the child of Gaia and usually had no father, though sometimes it was Aether. He fathered all the creatures of the sea.
His mother Gaia was his consort, and they produced Nereus (the Old Man of the Sea and father of Amphitrite), Thaumas, Phorcys, Eurybia, and Ceto. His female counterpart Thalassa was the mother of all of his other children, including the Telchines, who inhabited Rhodes, and all sea creatures.
Pontus’s children Ceto and Phorcys married one another, and their children included Gorgon, Echidna, Thoosa, Ladon, and the Hespirides.
Pontus’s siblings were Oceanus and Tethys, who also married.
Major Myths and Roles
Poseidon
Most of Poseidon’s myths have to do with his conquests and rivalries. The first role he ever played in the myths is that of Zeus’s ally, where he assisted him with leading the war against the Titans. After the Titan’s defeat, Poseidon was given the realm of the sea to rule over.
He fell in love with the nereid Amphitrite at first sight. She was dancing with her sisters at Naxos, and Poseidon loved her immediately. Some versions report that he won her affections, but there are others that report that Amphitrite fled from him. In the latter, Poseidon is said to have sent a dolphin after the nereid to convince her to marry him, and she agreed to be his queen. As a reward, the dolphin was made a constellation.
Perhaps one of his most well-known rivalries was that with Athena. The two gods both wished to become the patron god of what came to be known as the city of Athens. When the people asked the gods, what each would bring as their patron god, Poseidon used his trident to strike the ground and created a fountain of saltwater. The mortals, though, eventually preferred Athena’s gift, which was the olive tree, and made her their patron.
Poseidon was very angered by this and attempted to block all exits and entrances of the city with rocks in a show of temper and pettiness. Not only that, but he also sent water to flood the Attic Plain to prove to the humans that they made the wrong choice.
Poseidon also seduced or forced Medusa on the floor of a temple of Athena, in another display of pettiness. Athena, instead of punishing Poseidon, chose to punish Medusa as well as her sisters Stheno and Euryale by transforming them into the Gorgons, monsters with horrid visages, and living snakes on their heads.
After Perseus beheaded Medusa, Poseidon’s children, Pegasus and Chrysaor, sprung from her neck.
Pontus
Though he personified the sea, there are not many direct myths about Pontus. Art tends to favor his brother Oceanus or Pontus’s lover and female counterpart Thalassa. However, Pontus’s children played very significant roles in Greek myth, and Pontus’s lineage was directly tied to Poseidon through his eldest granddaughter, Amphitrite, as well as his other grandchild, Gorgon.
Pontus’s son Nereus and his niece Doris were the parents of the 50 Nereids, one of whom was Amphitrite, and one son, Nerites, charioteer of Poseidon. His son and daughter Phorcys and Ceto were the parents of several monsters, including the terrifying Scylla. Pontus’s son Thaumus married Pontus’s niece Electra, and the two produced Iris, messenger of the gods, Arke, messenger of the Titans, and the Harpies.
His daughter Eurybia was known to have a heart of flint. While her brothers and sisters personified different aspects of the sea, she was known for her strength and mastery of elements related to it, including wind, storms, and other oceanic phenomena. Eurybia was a relatively minor goddess, but like her father before her she played an important role through her lineage – most specifically through her children by the Titan Crius.
Eurybia’s children included Astraeus, husband of Eos and father of the Anemoi, Perses, husband of Asteria and father of Hecate, and Pallas, husband of Styx and father of Kratos, Nike, and others.
In Roman mythology, Pontus was often depicted with Fortuna (the Roman equivalent of Tyche, goddess of fortune and luck over cities). The two were the patron deities of the Black Sea. In the original Greek mythology, Tyche was the daughter of either Aphrodite or Pontus’s sister Tethys. When her mother was Aphrodite, her father was either Zeus or Hermes. When she was the daughter of Tethys, her father was Tethys’s husband and brother, Oceanus.
Final Thoughts
Poseidon and Pontus represent very different aspects of the vast sea – the place that makes up the majority of Earth, and yet we know so little about even today. Pontus and his counterpart Thalassa existed as primordial incarnations of its existence and a way to explain its abundance.
Poseidon, meanwhile, was not a representation of the sea but a ruler of it. This symbolized the Olympian’s power over the world.
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The Origins of Poseidon: Understanding the God of the Sea
1. Introduction to Poseidon
Poseidon, one of the twelve Olympian gods, is a central figure in Greek mythology, representing the vast and unpredictable nature of the sea. Known as the god of the ocean, earthquakes, and horses, Poseidon played a crucial role in the ancient Greek understanding of the natural world. His significance extended beyond the waters, influencing agriculture and trade, making him a vital deity for sailors and farmers alike.
2. Etymology and Early Mentions
The name “Poseidon” is believed to derive from the ancient Greek word “posis,” meaning “husband,” and “da,” which translates to “earth.” This etymological background suggests a connection between Poseidon and the earth, highlighting his role as a powerful force in both land and sea.
Early references to Poseidon can be found in Homer’s “Iliad” and “Odyssey,” as well as Hesiod’s “Theogony.” These texts depict him as a formidable deity whose moods could greatly affect sailors and coastal communities. Inscriptions on ancient pottery and temples further illustrate his esteemed status among the gods.
3. The Birth and Family of Poseidon
Poseidon was born to the Titan Cronus and his wife Rhea, alongside his siblings Hestia, Hera, Demeter, Hades, and Zeus. According to myth, Cronus feared that one of his children would overthrow him, so he swallowed each one at birth. Rhea, desperate to save Poseidon, hid him away in a cave on the island of Crete and gave Cronus a stone wrapped in swaddling clothes instead.
After Zeus, the youngest sibling, grew strong enough to challenge Cronus, he freed his brothers and sisters, including Poseidon. Together, they overthrew their father and divided the cosmos, with Poseidon receiving dominion over the seas.
4. Attributes and Symbols of Poseidon
Poseidon is primarily recognized by several key symbols that reflect his power and domain:
- Trident: Poseidon’s most iconic symbol, the trident, is a three-pronged spear that represents his authority over the oceans. Mythology states that he used this weapon to create storms and earthquakes.
- Horses: Often associated with Poseidon, horses symbolize his connection to land and sea. Legend has it that he created the first horse from the waves, showcasing his ability to bridge both realms.
- Dolphins: These sea creatures are considered sacred to Poseidon and symbolize harmony and protection. They often appear in myths as his companions.
In ancient Greek culture, these symbols played a critical role in rituals, art, and architecture, often depicting Poseidon in various forms of representation.
5. Poseidon’s Domains and Powers
As the god of the sea, Poseidon had immense control over all bodies of water, including lakes and rivers. His powers extended beyond the ocean; he was also known as the “Earth-Shaker,” capable of causing earthquakes. This duality made him both revered and feared.
In comparison to sea deities from other cultures, Poseidon shares similarities with:
- Neptune: The Roman equivalent of Poseidon, who also ruled over the sea and was depicted with a trident.
- Triton: Poseidon’s son, often considered a messenger of the sea, who had the ability to calm or agitate the waters.
- Yam: In Canaanite mythology, this sea god represents the chaos of the ocean, drawing parallels to Poseidon’s temperament.
6. Myths and Legends Featuring Poseidon
Poseidon is central to numerous myths that illustrate his character and influence:
- The Contest with Athena: One of the most famous myths involves a contest between Poseidon and Athena to determine who would be the patron deity of Athens. Poseidon struck the ground with his trident, creating a saltwater spring, while Athena offered an olive tree. The citizens chose Athena’s gift, leading to the naming of the city in her honor.
- The Wrath of Poseidon: In Homer’s “Odyssey,” Poseidon seeks revenge on Odysseus for blinding his son, the Cyclops Polyphemus. Odysseus’s journey is fraught with challenges set by Poseidon, emphasizing the god’s temperamental nature.
These myths not only entertained but also imparted moral lessons and cultural values to Greek society, reinforcing the importance of respecting the gods and acknowledging their powers.
7. Worship and Cult Practices
Poseidon was widely worshiped in ancient Greece, with numerous temples and sanctuaries dedicated to him. One notable site is the Temple of Poseidon at Cape Sounion, which overlooks the Aegean Sea. This temple served as a significant religious site where sailors would pray for safe voyages.
Rituals and festivals honoring Poseidon included:
- Panhellenic Games: Similar to the Olympic Games, these competitions celebrated athletic prowess and included events dedicated to Poseidon.
- Sea Festivals: Various coastal cities hosted festivals where offerings were made to Poseidon, seeking his favor for bountiful catches and safe travels.
8. Conclusion: Poseidon’s Legacy in Modern Culture
The legacy of Poseidon endures in modern culture, influencing literature, art, and popular media. His character often embodies humanity’s complex relationship with the sea—both its beauty and its danger. From films and books to paintings and sculptures, Poseidon remains a symbol of power, unpredictability, and the eternal allure of the ocean.
In conclusion, understanding Poseidon offers insights into ancient Greek beliefs and the ways in which they grappled with the natural world. As a figure of mythology, Poseidon continues to resonate, reminding us of the sea’s profound impact on human life and civilization.
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Poseidon. God of the sea, rivers, storms, earthquakes, bulls and horses Credit: Public domain CC0 photo.
God of the sea, rivers, storms, earthquakes, bulls, and horses, Poseidon occupies a large amount of ancient Greek mythology, literature, and theology, as well as multiple appearances in modern pop culture.
He had an unpredictable temperament that reflected his domain and could be tranquil or fatally tempestuous as per his natural powers and animal allegories.
Poseidon is associated with many evil and abusive giants and dragons. This affinity with various mythological monsters likely preceded Ionians’ associations of the god with the sea.
The origins of god’s name, “Posei-don,” are yet unclear although the most prominent theory breaks it down into two parts, the first of which means “husband” or “lord” (Greek πόσις, posis) and, the second of which means “earth” (δᾶ, da, the Doric form for γῆ, gaia). In other words, the meaning of this would be something along the lines of lord, or spouse, of the earth. Or, spouse of Gaia.
Some of the many epithets (adjectives) that accompany his name in Homer (and also on the Mycenaean Linear B tablets) tie him more so with the element of earth rather than the sea. Some of these are Enosigaios (Ἐνοσίγαιος) or Enosichthon (Ἐνοσίχθων), which mean “earth-shaker.”
These epithets have an older use as identified in Linear B religious scripts, such as in “E-ne-si-da o-ne,” with the root ‘da.’ Other epithets that relate him with earthquakes are Gaieochos (Γαιήοχος) and Seisichthon (Σεισίχθων).
The god who is said to cause earthquake also protects against them, so that he was simultaneously referred to with the epithets Themeliouchos (Θεμελιούχος), meaning “upholding the foundations,” and Asphaleios (Ἀσφάλειος), meaning “securer, protector.” A homonymous temple is located in Tainaron.
According to these facts, it seems that, initially, during the late Bronze Age Helladic civilizations, the Greek god, Poseidon, was mainly a chthonic deity and was mostly related to the earth as a fertility god or as a ruler or husband in the depths of the deified earth.
Herodotus’ testimony conveys that he is the one who locks the Titans in the dark Tartarus. This is also suggestive of his connection with the Underworld. It was Poseidon who was also invoked by the Spartans every time they felt the earth shaking under their feet, as Xenophon describes the Lacedaemonian invasion of the land of the Argeans in 390 BC.
Poseidon’s cult
The tracking of Poseidon in the maritime space is the last phase in the evolution of his physiognomy in the Greek pantheon and minimizes the prestige he seemed to have had in the proto-Olympian Greek religion.
This is something conveyed to us so far by indications related to the Mycenaean religious texts, where the worship of Poseidon appears to be quite strong and generally competes even with the worship of Zeus, clearly questioning its first position.
If surviving Linear B records are reliable, the name po-se-da-wo-ne (Poseidon) is much more common than does di-u-ja (Zeus).
Τhe limitation of the general Poseidon’s significance and the gradual undermining of his worship in the later Olympic pantheon is reflected both in the myths about the distribution of the power of the world in domains (Poseidon wins the domain of the sea) and, moreover, in the local cult traditions. These present Poseidon as losing his sovereignty over disputed places after a conflict with other gods.
It must be pointed out that the subversion of chthonic deities is connected with socio-political changes that took place within the Greek world after the so-called Dark Ages. The rationalization of religious structures within the new political organization of the city-states was especially significant in this development. This is not necessarily tied in with the invasion of other cultural or ethnic groups in the Greek mainland—according to older assumptions—who brought their own religious traditions.
Genealogy
Poseidon was the second son of the Titans Cronus and Rhea, so he is the eldest brother of Zeus and Hades. After Poseidon was rescued from Cronus by Zeus, he teamed up with him and his other siblings against Cronus and the Titans.
Along with his siblings, the Hecatonchires and the Cyclopes, Poseidon fought against Cronus and the other Titans in the Battle of the Gods known as Titanomachy. In this battle, the Olympians, the younger generation led by Zeus, defeated the Titans and overthrew Cronus.
When the three brothers deposed their father, the kingdom of the sea fell by lot to Poseidon. He lived with his wife, Amphitrite, who was a beautiful sea nymph, along with his son, Triton, in a palace on the ocean floor which was made of coral and gems. Poseidon often interfered in the plans of Zeus and once even attempted to overthrow his brother with the aid of Hera and Athena.
Poseidon was said to have had many lovers and many children, but not all of them were human. In an archaic myth, Poseidon once pursued his sister, Demeter. She spurned his advances, turning herself into a mare so that she could hide in a herd of horses, but he saw through the deception and became a stallion and captured and raped her.
His other children include Polyphemus (of the Cyclops), Alebion, Tityos, Bergion, Otos, and Ephialtae (of the giants) among many other mythical creatures. Even the Laistrygons and other barbarians, cannibals, savages, and godforsaken thieves of the Greek province were, as many said, seed of Poseidon.
| Laestrygonians
The were a tribe of giants that are talked of within the surviving sources of Greek mythology; in particular the Laestrygonians are famous for their appearance in Homer’s Odyssey. Source: THE LAESTRYGONIANS IN GREEK MYTHOLOGY |
Figures linked to him are characteristic of the many features of Poseidon’s physiognomy, attributes, or phenomena of his domain and hypostases of his divinity. These include: the untamed nature of the sea, unpredictable natural hazards, extreme geological phenomena, his moody nature, and other earlier, similar gods whom Poseidon replaced. Elements of theological compositions and pre-Olympic forms of his worship are also intertwined.
Experiences and memories of inhospitable places and barbarous peoples, including wild customs, incest, human sacrifices, and cannibalism among other things emphasized the characteristics of Poseidon’s wild sons.
We can assume that the extermination of so many of Poseidon’s wild sons by nobler heroes, as well as the loss of so many beloved places by God himself, are actually legends for the substitution of older forms of worship by redefined newer ones.
Poseidon’s most distinctive symbols
Poseidon’s main weapon and symbol was the trident, which is a three-pronged fishing spear—an image that became his most prominent in art. According to the Greek poet Hesiod, Poseidon’s trident, much like Zeus’s thunderbolt and Hades’ helmet, was fashioned by the three Cyclopes.
In many representations of various vessels, he also wielded a boulder encrusted with sea creatures. He was often crowned with a wreath of wild celery or a simple headband and was either clothed in a robe or with a billowing cloak.
Poseidon’s sacred animals were the bull, horse, and dolphin, and his sacred plants were the pine tree and wild celery—not accidental symbolisms at all if we consider the impetuosity of god’s nature, as well as the metaphor of the forces of both rushing rivers and stormy seas.
As god of the sea, he was also closely associated with other marine creatures. His chariot was drawn by a pair of fish-tailed horses (hippocampus). A very famous mythical creature of Poseidon was the Cretan Bull, sire of the Minotaur (killed by Theseus, a noble hero).
Greek God Poseidon in literature
In the Iliad, Poseidon favors the Greeks as a major protagonist in the Trojan War and, on several occasions, takes an active part in the battle against Trojan forces by leading Achaean heroes in battle with a flashing sword. Poseidon encouraged Greek troops indirectly by disguising himself as an old seer named Calchas.
The nemesis of Poseidon prevents Odysseus’s return to Ithaca for many years. Odysseus is even told, notwithstanding his ultimate safe return, that an additional voyage would be required to placate the wrath of Poseidon.
Yet another interesting reference to the god is also made in the Aeneid, a Latin epic poem, written by Virgil in which the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who fled the fall of Troy and traveled to Italy where he became the ancestor of the Romans, is narrated.
Neptune (Roman god of the sea, identified with the Greek Poseidon)
ing Trojans. He is not as vindictive as Juno, and in Book I, he rescues the Trojan fleet from the goddess’s attempts to wreck it although his primary motivation for doing this is his annoyance at Juno’s having intruded into his domain.
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Poseidon: God of the Sea, Earthquakes and Horses
The earth trembled, the seas raged, and horses thundered across the plains – all at the command of Poseidon, the god of the sea, a paramount figure in the pantheon of ancient Greek deities. As one of the twelve Olympian gods, he stood alongside his brothers Zeus, ruler of the sky, and Hades, lord of the underworld, in a powerful triumvirate that governed the cosmos. His domain was vast and formidable, encompassing not just the sea, but also the raw power of earthquakes and the spirit of the horse.
This exploration journeys into the heart of Poseidon’s influence, tracing his impact on ancient Greek mythology, religion, and culture, and examining his enduring legacy through his Roman counterpart, Neptune. We analyze how the might of the Earth-Shaker not only was reflected by the ancient greeks, but also shaped their world.
The Origins and Genealogy of the Earth-Shaker
The Birth of Poseidon
Poseidon’s origins are deeply intertwined with the primordial history of the Greek cosmos. Born to the Titans Cronus and Rhea, he was among the first generation of Olympian gods. Fearing a prophecy, Cronus swallowed all his children. Rhea, however, saved Zeus by tricking Cronus. Zeus later freed his siblings, including Poseidon, from Cronus’s stomach.
The Titanomachy and the Division of the Cosmos
This liberation sparked the Titanomachy, a ten-year war between the Olympian gods (led by Zeus) and the Titans. The Cyclopes forged powerful weapons for the Olympian brothers, including Poseidon’s trident. The Olympians won, and the cosmos was divided: Zeus ruled the sky, Hades the underworld, and Poseidon the seas, though his power also extended to earthquakes and horses.
Poseidon’s Family and Offspring
Turning to his personal affairs, Poseidon’s life, much like that of his brother Zeus, was marked by numerous relationships and offspring. He was married to Amphitrite, a marine goddess, daughter of Oceanus and Tethys. Their union secured his dominion over the sea. Together, they had several children, most notably Triton, a merman who served as a messenger of the sea.
Poseidon, however, also fathered a multitude of other offspring through liaisons with mortal women and various deities. These children include:
- the cyclops Polyphemus, whose blinding by Odysseus would spark Poseidon’s enduring wrath
- the winged horse Pegasus, a symbol of inspiration
- the giant Orion, a renowned hunter
- the hero Theseus, a legendary king of Athens who would later slay the Minotaur
- Bellerophon, who tamed Pegasus
- the swift, immortal horse Arion
- Despoina, a goddess associated with the Arcadian Mysteries
This extensive progeny underscores Poseidon’s far-reaching influence, connecting him to numerous heroic sagas and divine lineages.
Domains and Symbols: Exploring the Powers of Poseidon
Lord of the Seas
While Poseidon is most widely recognized as the god of the sea, his dominion extended to other significant realms, reflecting the dynamic forces of nature. His control over the Mediterranean Sea, and by extension all waters, was absolute.
Ancient Greeks, heavily reliant on maritime travel and trade, viewed him as the ultimate authority over the waves. They believed he was capable of both calming turbulent waters and unleashing devastating storms. Sailors invoked his name and offered libations before embarking on voyages, seeking his favor for safe passage. His benevolent aspect was seen in the creation of new islands and calm seas, while his wrath could manifest in fierce tempests and shipwrecks.
Freshwater Springs and Rivers
Beyond the sea, Poseidon’s power extended to vital freshwater sources. He was credited with creating springs and, in some myths, rivers. A strike of his trident could bring forth life-giving water, essential for communities and agriculture. This ability made him a figure of reverence, especially where freshwater was scarce.
However, his control was a double-edged sword. Poseidon’s wrath could manifest as devastating droughts, drying up springs, or as catastrophic floods, interpreted as divine punishment. The myths, including his intervention to save Amymone and create the springs of Lerna, underscore his dominion over freshwater and humanity’s dependence on his capricious favor.
The Earth-Shaker
Beyond the sea, Poseidon held the formidable title of “Earth-Shaker,” a testament to his power over earthquakes. With a mighty strike of his trident, he could cause the ground to tremble, unleashing seismic tremors. This connection to the terrestrial realm further emphasizes his role as a god of elemental power.
Moreover, his trident was not only a weapon of destruction but also a tool of creation. Legend states that with a blow of his three-pronged spear, Poseidon could raise islands from the depths and cause freshwater springs to gush forth. This ability to command both saltwater and freshwater sources underscores his comprehensive control.
Poseidon Hippios, Tamer of Horses
Poseidon was also revered as the “Tamer of Horses,” a seemingly incongruous association for a sea god. He was credited with either creating the first horse or being the father of these noble creatures, symbolizing their power and freedom. He was often depicted riding a magnificent chariot drawn by horses or hippocampi, mythical creatures with the forequarters of a horse and the tail of a fish. This linked his marine and equine domains.
This connection also extended to horse racing and athletic competitions, which were frequently held in his honor. Some scholars suggest that this association might have originated from a pre-Greek deity or the symbolic comparison between the movement of waves and the galloping of horses.
Summary of Domains, Symbols, Attributes, and Epithets
| Domain | Symbols/Attributes | Epithets |
| Sea | Trident, dolphin, tuna, other sea creatures, waves | Pelagios (of the sea), Halios (of the sea) |
| Earthquakes | Trident, shaking ground | Enosichthon (earth-shaker), Ennosigaios |
| Horses | Horse, hippocampus, chariot | Hippios (of horses), Tamer of Horses |
| Fresh Waters | Springs, rivers | Ruler of Springs |
Walter Crane. Neptune’s Horses (detail). 1892. Neue Pinakothek, Munich, Germany. Source
Walter Crane’s 1892 painting, Neptune’s Horses, merges the horses pulling Poseidon’s chariot with the imagery of breaking waves, often called “white horses” in English.
Navigating the Myths: Key Narratives of Poseidon
The Contest for Athens
Poseidon’s presence looms large in numerous Greek myths, revealing his complex personality, his interactions with others, and the scope of his power. Several myths depict his competitive nature and desire for recognition. A prominent example is his contest with Athena for the patronage of Athens.
Seeking to win the favor of the Athenians, Poseidon struck the Acropolis with his trident, causing a saltwater spring to emerge. However, Athena’s gift of the olive tree, symbolizing peace and prosperity, was deemed more valuable. The city’s leaders chose her as the patron goddess. His pride stung by defeat, Poseidon retaliated by flooding the Thriasian Plains. This act demonstrated his volatile temper and the potential consequences of defying him. Similar contests for other cities, such as Corinth with Helios and Argos with Hera, further illustrate his ambition and the occasional futility of challenging other divine powers.
Poseidon in the Trojan War
Poseidon played a significant role in the epic events of the Trojan War, siding with the Greeks. His motivation stemmed from a past grievance against King Laomedon of Troy. Laomedon had refused to pay Poseidon and Apollo for building the massive walls of the city and even threatened to sell them into slavery.
Throughout the ten-year conflict, Poseidon actively intervened in the battles, often against the explicit orders of Zeus, who favored the Trojans. He rallied the Achaean forces, bolstering their strength. In a pivotal moment, when the Trojan priest Laocoön attempted to warn his people about the Trojan Horse, Poseidon, still harboring animosity, sent sea serpents to kill Laocoön and his sons. This ensured the Greeks’ eventual victory.
The Wrath of Poseidon in the Odyssey
The wrath of Poseidon is a central theme in Homer’s Odyssey. The hero Odysseus incurred the god’s enduring fury by blinding his son, the cyclops Polyphemus. In his rage, Poseidon relentlessly pursued Odysseus across the seas, subjecting him to violent storms, shipwrecks, and numerous trials. These delayed his journey home to Ithaca for ten long years. This epic struggle highlights the potential for divine vengeance and the immense power Poseidon wielded.
Other Significant Myths
Beyond these major narratives, numerous other myths feature Poseidon, further enriching our understanding. The myth of the Minotaur begins with King Minos of Crete praying to Poseidon for a sign. Poseidon sent a magnificent white bull, expecting Minos to sacrifice it. However, Minos’s refusal led to Poseidon’s wrath, causing Minos’s wife Pasiphaë to fall in love with the bull. This resulted in the birth of the monstrous Minotaur, who would later be imprisoned in the Labyrinth.
Another tale recounts Poseidon’s pursuit of Demeter. To evade him, Demeter transformed herself into a mare, but Poseidon countered by becoming a stallion. Their union resulted in the birth of the divine horse Arion and the goddess Despoina, important figures in Arcadian cults.
The myth of Poseidon and Medusa reveals that their union in Athena’s temple led to Medusa’s transformation into a Gorgon by the offended goddess. Later, Pegasus and Chrysaor were born from her severed neck.
Finally, during the Gigantomachy, Poseidon played a crucial role, battling and ultimately defeating the giant Polybotes with Heracles’ aid.
These diverse myths illustrate the breadth of Poseidon’s involvement, showcasing his power, passions, and significant impact. In these myths, a common theme is present: one of wrath, but also of Poseidon’s profound importance.
Worship and Cult Practices in Ancient Greece
Rituals and Offerings
Poseidon’s worship was widespread throughout ancient Greece and its colonies in southern Italy, indicating his significance. He was particularly honored in regions with strong maritime connections, such as the Peloponnese and the Ionian cities. Numerous cities recognized Poseidon as a major civic god. Corinth notably chose him as their chief deity, reflecting their reliance on the sea. Even in Athens, despite Athena being the patron goddess, Poseidon held the second position of importance, highlighting his enduring influence.
Rituals and offerings formed a crucial part of Poseidon’s worship. Before embarking on sea voyages, mariners would offer libations, typically of wine, to appease the god and ensure safe passage. Animal sacrifices were also common, with horses and bulls being particularly significant, often drowned at sea. In addition to animal sacrifices, worshippers offered fish, barley, wine, and incense, depending on their needs and the context. Prayers were fundamental, with individuals and communities beseeching Poseidon for safe passage, protection from storms and earthquakes, and favorable conditions for fishing and trade.
Major Festivals
Several important festivals were held in Poseidon’s honor. The Isthmian Games, a major panhellenic festival featuring athletic and musical competitions, were celebrated biennially near Corinth at his sanctuary. These games, open to all Greeks, underscored Poseidon’s connection to physical prowess and equestrian events.
The Poseidonia, another significant festival, was primarily celebrated in coastal regions, possibly around the winter solstice. While specific rituals are not extensively documented, it likely involved feasting and ceremonies aimed at honoring and appeasing the lord of the sea, particularly during a time when maritime activities were less frequent.
The Haloa, celebrated in the month of Poseideon (roughly December/January), was primarily a festival for Demeter and Dionysus but also included processions and honors for Poseidon, likely acknowledging his role in providing the water essential for agriculture. These festivals, along with numerous local celebrations, highlight the pervasive presence of Poseidon.
Regional Cults and Local Interpretations of Poseidon
Cults in Attica
While Poseidon was widely worshipped, regional variations in his cult and local interpretations reveal the diverse ways communities interacted with the divine. In Attica, Poseidon was honored at various sites, including Athens, where he shared the Erechtheion temple on the Acropolis with Athena. This shared temple serves as a testament to their complex relationship. The Temple of Poseidon at Cape Sounion, overlooking the Aegean Sea, served as a crucial sanctuary for mariners, who offered prayers and sacrifices for safe voyages.
Poseidon in Corinthia
In Corinthia, Poseidon held particular significance as the patron god of Corinth. This city was strategically located on the isthmus connecting mainland Greece to the Peloponnese and heavily involved in maritime trade. His sanctuary near Corinth was the site of the prestigious Isthmian Games, further cementing his importance.
The Unique Cult of Poseidon Hippios in Arcadia
Perhaps one of the most intriguing regional cults was that of Poseidon Hippios (of horses) in landlocked Arcadia. Far from the sea, the Arcadians revered Poseidon for his connection to horses and, importantly, to freshwater sources (springs, rivers).
Eastern Arcadia, characterized by basins prone to flooding, saw active worship of Poseidon Hippios, with sanctuaries and offerings. This suggests an emphasis on his power over water and natural disasters.
In contrast, western Arcadia primarily featured Poseidon in myths, particularly those involving his encounter with Demeter, often explaining the cults of other deities rather than his own.
Ionian Cults
In Ionia, on the western coast of Asia Minor, the cult of Poseidon was introduced by Achaean colonists, with a notable temple near Mount Mycale. The month of Poseidaon in the Ionian calendar further attests to his importance.
Beyond these prominent examples, evidence indicates the presence of Poseidon’s cult in numerous other regions, including Sicyonia, Argolis, Lacedaemonia, Messenia, Elis, Boeotia, and various islands, each with its own nuances. This diversity shows how adaptable ancient Greek religion was, where a major deity like Poseidon was interpreted in ways that resonated with the needs of different communities.
From Poseidon to Neptune: The Roman Adaptation and Evolution
Detail from ”The Triumph of Neptune and the Four Seasons”, a roman mosaic from La Chebba, Tunisia, late 2nd Century BCE. Bardo National Museum, Tunisia. Source
The Early Roman Neptune
As the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire expanded, they encountered and often assimilated the religious beliefs of conquered cultures, including those of the Greeks. Poseidon found his counterpart in the Roman deity Neptune. Initially, Neptune held a different role, primarily associated with freshwater and irrigation. This reflected the early Roman focus on agriculture and inland settlements.
Syncretism and the Rise of Neptune
The official identification of Neptune with Poseidon occurred relatively early, around 400 BCE. This marked a significant turning point in the evolution of the Roman deity. This assimilation led to Neptune adopting many of Poseidon’s key attributes and myths, effectively becoming his Roman counterpart.
Distinctions and Similarities
Despite their eventual similarities, some distinctions remained. While both were gods of the sea, earthquakes, and horses, Poseidon held a more central position in the Greek pantheon, often considered one of the “Big Three” alongside Zeus and Hades.
In contrast, Neptune, while important, did not initially hold the same level of prestige in Rome. Deities like Jupiter, Mars, and Minerva were often considered more paramount. Furthermore, while many of Poseidon’s myths were adopted for Neptune, some, such as Poseidon’s crucial role in the Titanomachy, were not always mirrored.
Neptune also had his own distinct festival, the Neptunalia, celebrated in the heat of summer, emphasizing his original association with freshwater and relief from drought. While Poseidon was married to Amphitrite, Neptune’s consort was Salacia, a goddess of saltwater, although their family dynamics sometimes mirrored those of Poseidon.
The increasing association with Poseidon and the growth of Roman naval power contributed to Neptune’s rise in importance. Despite becoming primarily a sea god, Neptune retained vestiges of his original connection to freshwater, as evidenced by the timing of his festival and his association with rivers and springs. The evolution of Neptune from a minor freshwater deity to the Roman equivalent of the mighty Poseidon illustrates the dynamic nature of religious syncretism and the ways in which cultural exchange shapes belief systems.
Poseidon’s Influence and Legacy
Poseidon’s influence in ancient Greece extended far beyond his role as god of the sea. His dominion over earthquakes, horses, and freshwater sources, combined with his complex and often volatile personality, made him a central figure in Greek mythology, religion, and daily life. He represented the powerful, unpredictable forces of nature, capable of both creation and destruction.
The myths associated with Poseidon reflect this duality. They portray him as both a benefactor and a source of wrath, highlighting the importance of respecting the natural world and the consequences of defying divine power. These stories weren’t simply entertainment; they were integral to how the ancient Greeks understood their relationship with the forces that shaped their lives.
The widespread worship of Poseidon, evident in temples, festivals, and regional cult variations, demonstrates his significance across the Greek world. The adaptation of Poseidon into the Roman god Neptune further confirms the lasting power of his image and the widespread recognition of his domains.
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