Seems like every day now we hear about some new marvel.  Some new invention.  Some new discovery.  I must remind you that the Word of God says “there is NOTHING NEW UNDER THE SUN.”

Ecclesiastes 1:9
That which has been is that which will be,
And that which has been done is that which will be done.
So there is nothing new under the sun.

Ecclesiastes 1:10
Is there anything of which one might say,
“See this, it is new”?
Already it has existed for ages
Which were before us.

Ecclesiastes 3:15
That which is has been already and that which will be has already been, for God seeks what has passed by.

When God repeats a thing that means it is VERY IMPORTANT, pay ATTENTION.

Source: https://bible.knowing-jesus.com/topics/Nothing-New

Beware!  We are walking through the LAST DAYS, the time of GREAT DECEPTION. Technology is at a fever peak and science/magic is everywhere and in everything.  Nothing is what it seems anymore.  Once again, everything has been corrupted.  

Keep these things in mind as you go through your days. Let no man deceive you.  Don’t believe anything you see or hear, unless you test the spirit and have confirmation from God.  For all that they are doing and all that that they are showing you is meant to deceive you and trap you.

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They discover a being that inhabits the thin line between “the living and the dead”

The term “candidatus” originates from Latin, meaning “one dressed in a white toga,” which was worn by candidates  in  ancient Rome to symbolize purity and honesty. The word is derived from the verb “candere,” meaning  “to shine”  or  “to be bright,”  reflecting the white color of the toga. In Roman politics, candidates would  wear  a whitened  toga  when  greeting electors, indicating  their honorable intentions. Over time, the term evolved to denote  someone  seeking  a  position, particularly in political contexts. Wiktionary+4 spacer

Candida is a genus of yeasts. It is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide and the largest genus of medically important yeasts. The genus Candida encompasses about 200 species. Wikipedia Yeast symbolizes SIN.

The suffix -atus is derived from Proto-Italic *-ātos and Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos.  It is used to form  adjectives  from  nouns indicating possession or quality,  such as “barbātus” (bearded) and “togātus” (wearing a toga).    Additionally,  it can denote a resemblance or likeness to a noun, as in “rēticulātus”  (reticulated).  The suffix is cognate to  Proto-Slavic *-atъ and Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz, indicating its historical roots in Indo-European languages. Wiktionary+2

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The newly discovered organism Sukunaarchaeum mirabile was found during an analysis of the microbiome of a marine  dinoflagellate  called  Citharistes regius. This serendipitous discovery occurred in 2024, when researchers from Japan  and  Canada were  sequencing  genetic  data and noticed DNA  fragments that did not correspond  to known  organisms.  Closer  inspection revealed a completely new archaeon  with unusual genomic traits,  which led to the identification  of  Sukunaarchaeum mirabile. 

The term “citharistes” refers to a player of the cithara, an ancient stringed instrument similar to a lyre or guitar.  The  word originates from the Latin “citharista”  and the Greek “κιθαριστής”  (kitharistēs), which means “a player of  the  cithara”. The cithara was a prominent  instrument in ancient Greek music and later adapted into the Roman musical tradition.  Merriam Webster+2 spacer

The kithara or cithara (Greek: κιθάρα, romanized: kithāra Latin: cithara) was an ancient Greek musical instrument. It was a kind of lyre with seven strings. The lyre was used for teaching music to beginners, but the cithara was used by expertmusicians called kitharodes. The word “guitar” comes from the Greek word kithara.[1] The cithara’s origins are from Minoan–Mycenaean lyres shaped like swan–necks.[2] Some scholars have connected the cithara with string instruments from ancient Anatolia  The cithara is said to have been invented by Apollo, the god of music.[7] Apollo is often depicted playing a cithara instead of a lyre, often dressed in a kitharode’s formal robes.  Kitharoidos, or Citharoedus, is an epithet given to Apollo, which means “lyre-singer” or “one who sings to the lyre”.  Kithara – Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Spiritual Significance of the Lyre The lyre is a stringed musical instrument that symbolizes harmony, inspiration, and virtuosity. It is often associated with Apollo, the Greek god of music, poetry, and enlightenment, signifying divine creativity and intellectual pursuits. The lyre represents the soothing power of music and its ability to bring people together, as well as the connection between earthly experiences and spiritual aspirations. It is also a symbol of the connection between the human realm  and the  divine, serving as a bridge between the two. spiritualmojo.com In various cultures, the lyre has been associated with divine inspiration, enchanting music, and the power of poetry. For example, in Greek mythology, the lyre was first created by  the  god Hermes and later gifted to Apollo, who in turn gave it to Orpheus, the  legendary musician and poet. In Celtic mythology,  the lyre is often associated with bards who used  the  instrument in their poetic recitations. spiritualmojo.com The lyre’s spiritual significance extends beyond its musical attributes, as it embodies the creativity found within divine  knowledge and reflects the spiritual connection through music  and artistic expression.  It is a reminder of the harmonious  balance between raw talent and refined skill, a balance  necessary in the pursuit  of spiritual  and artistic enlightenment. Bible Hub+1

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The term “regius” is derived from the Latin word “rēgius,” which means “royal” or “pertaining to a king.”  It is used to describe   something that is associated with royalty or royal authority. The earliest known use of “regius”  dates back to the early 1600s, and it is  primarily  used in British English. In modern  contexts, it is  often seen in titles such as “Regius Professor,” indicating  a professorship founded  by or dependent on the sovereign.  Oxford English Dictionary+3

RYOMEN The name ‘Ryomen‘ (両面) is of Japanese origin, composed of the kanji characters “ryō” (両) meaning “both” or “double” and “men” (面) meaning “face” or “surface,” literally translating to “two-faced” or “double-faced.” This anthroponym is most notably associated with the legendary figure Ryomen-sukuna (両面宿儺), a mythical demon or deity from ancient Japanese folklore who was said to possess two faces and multiple arms. The name carries connotations of duality, multiplicity, and often supernatural or otherworldly characteristics within Japanese cultural contexts. In contemporary usage, particularly through popular culture and manga/anime, the name has gained recognition beyond traditional folklore, though it retains its associations with powerful, dual-natured entities.Ryōmen (also rendered Ryomen, Ryōmen or Ryōmen/ Ryomen in romanization) is most recognizably a Japanese theonymic and descriptive compound meaning “two-faced” or “double-faced,” from ryō (both, two) + men (face). It is best known through Ryōmen Sukuna (Ryōmen no Sukuna), a figure in early Japanese chronicles who is depicted with two faces and multiple limbs; this association gives the name connotations of ambivalence, dual power, and liminality. As a personal name, Ryōmen is rare in Japan and functions more often as an epithet or sobriquet than as a standard given name or surname. In modern pop culture, it has been repurposed as a striking character name, reinforcing the duality motif. Variants arise chiefly from transcription: Ryōmen (Hepburn with macron), Ryomen (ASCII simplification), and Ryoumen (wāpuro-style). Nickname forms in Japanese might shorten to Ryō or Ryo, while affectionate diminutives like Ryō-chan or Ryo-kun could occur if it were used as a given name.   source

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SUKUNA Etymology and meaning The name “Sukuna” has deep roots in Japanese folklore and mythology. It is often associated with Ryomen  Sukuna,  a  legendary figure depicted as a demon with two faces  and four arms,  symbolizing duality and power. The name “Sukuna”  can be  broken down to reflect traits such as “one who eradicates evil” and is linked to  concepts of subtlety and  minimalism.  Historically,  Ryomen Sukuna was portrayed as a fearsome warrior  and a powerful sorcerer, embodying both guardian  and  demonic  aspects, which adds  to the complexity of his character in modern narratives like “Jujutsu Kaisen”. venere.it+4

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archaic(adj.) 1810, from or by influence of French archaique (1776), ultimately from Greek arkhaikos “old-fashioned,” from arkhaios  “ancient, old-fashioned, antiquated, primitive,” from arkhē “beginning, origin,” verbal noun ofarkhein “to be the first,” hence “to begin” and “to rule” (see archon). Not merely crude, the archaic has “a rudeness and imperfection implying the promise of future advance” [Century Dictionary]. Archaical is attested from 1799. spacer archaism(n.) 1640s, “retention of what is old and obsolete,” from Modern Latin archaismus, from Greek arkhaismos, from  arkhaizein  “to copy the ancients” (in language, etc.); see archaic. Meaning “that which is archaic,” especially “an archaic  word or expression,” is by 1748. spacer archaistic(adj.) “affectedly archaic,” 1847; see archaic + -istic. Related: Archaist (n.), 1851. The term Archaea is derived from the Ancient Greek word ἀρχαῖον (arkhaîon), meaning “ancient” or “primitive.”  It refers  to a  domain of prokaryotic organisms that are distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes, characterized by unique  metabolic  pathways  and cellular structures.   Archaea  were initially classified as bacteria  but have since been  recognized as a separate domain  due  to their distinct molecular characteristics and evolutionary history.  Wikipedia+2 spacer Update 2018 – Each of the three domains of life exhibits a unique motility structure: while Bacteria use flagella, Eukarya employ cilia, and Archaea swim using archaella. Since the new name for the archaeal motility structure was proposed, in 2012, a significant amount of new data on the regulation of transcription of archaella operons, the structure and function of archaellum subunits, their interactions, and cryo-EM data on in situ  archaellum complexes in whole cells have been obtained. These data support the notion that the archaellum is evolutionary and structurally unrelated to the flagellum, but instead is related to archaeal and bacterial type IV pili and emphasize that it is a motility structure unique to the  Archaea.   Source spacer Distinct molecular characteristics and evolutionary of archaea Archaea exhibit distinct molecular characteristics that set them apart from bacteria and eukaryotes. These characteristics include: Cell Membranes: Archaea have cell membranes made of ether-linked lipids, which are more stable  under extreme conditions  compared to the fatty  acid ester bonds found in bacteria.  Metabolisms: Archaea perform unique metabolic processes such as methanogenesis, which is the production of methane gas as a by-product, and they are found in anaerobic environments.  Motility: Archaea possess a unique motility structure known as an archaellum, which is different from the flagella found in bacteria.  DNA Organization: Archaea have complex DNA-dependent RNA polymerases,  which are more closely  related to those  of eukaryotes  than to those of bacteria.  Cell Wall Composition: Unlike bacteria, archaea lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and often have proteinaceous S-layers instead.  These molecular characteristics and evolutionary differences have led to the classification of archaea as a distinct domain of life, alongside bacteria and eukaryotes. The study of archaea continues to provide insights into the origins and evolution of life on Earth. 6 Sources

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mirabile dictu(interj.) Latin, literally “wonderful to relate,” from neuter of mirabilis “wonderful, marvelous, extraordinary; strange, singular” (see marvel (n.)) + ablative supine of dicere “to say, speak” (from PIE root *deik- “to show,” also “pronounce solemnly”). The expression is found in Virgil. Mirable  “wonderful, marvelous” was used in English 15c.

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This tiny being was found inside a marine microalgae, where he lives associated with other microbes. The surprising thing is that its genome measures only 238 thousand pairs of bases, almost half than the previous record, the Nanoarchaeum Equitans, with 490 thousand. This means that Sukunaarchaeum has an extremely reduced set of genes.

As experts from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) explained, this microbe lacks almost all the functions that we usually consider basic for a living being: it cannot produce amino acids, or generate energy by itself. Their genes focus almost exclusively on copying their DNA and manufacturing proteins, just to multiply. In essence, its only function seems to be replicating.

The most curious thing is that, despite its simplicity, Sukunaarchaeum is not a virus. Unlike these, it has ribosomes and other elements that allow it to manufacture its own proteins, although it depends totally on the environment within its guest to survive.

This discovery was made thanks to a study that analyzed the DNA of all the microbes present in a single marine seaweed cell. The scientists found, among other genomes, a circular, very small and unknown. With advanced sequencing techniques they managed to rebuild it and verify that it was an archea never seen before.

When analyzing their genetic information, researchers saw that more than 70% of their known genes are dedicated to DNA management and protein production. It practically does not have genes to perform metabolic functions, which indicates that it depends completely on the nutrients of its host.        So it is a parasite!

Scientists also found sequences similar to those of Sukunaarchaeum in different samples of world oceans, suggesting that it is not an isolated case: there could be a broader group of microbes that live in a similar way, completely dependent on other cells.

This finding not only beats a record, but it challenges our ideas about what is the minimum of a cell to live. It reveals a microbial world still full of secrets, in which life can adopt much simpler and strange forms than we imagined.

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Sukunaarchaeum mirabile: What Constitutes a Cellular Life?  

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Marine microorganisms for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and their biomedical applications

Highlights

•Marine bacteria, fungi and microalgae highlighted for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles.

•Intracellular and extracellular synthesis mechanism are reviewed.

•Antimicrobial and anticancer applications are highlighted.

•Effect of reaction parameters on the morphology of nanoparticles are reviewed.

Abstract

Nanotechnology has become one of the most in demand technologies applied in different fields of science. Metallic nanoparticles synthesis using marine microorganisms has been received global attention due to their extensive applications in biomedical science. The use of marine microbes for metallic nanoparticles synthesis is eco-friendly, time saving, and inexpensive. An eco-friendly method is essential to minimize waste and protect environment. Recently, marine microorganisms are recognized an eco-friendly and efficient way to utilize as potential biofactories for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Here, we discuss and detail the possible uses of different marine microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and microalgae for metallic nanoparticle synthesis and those nanoparticles applications as antimicrobial and anticancer agents. In addition, different parameters that cause changes on nanoparticles shape and morphology are also highlighted.

Graphical abstract

Marine bacteria, fungi and microalgae mediated preparation of metallic nanoparticles and the influence of different reaction parameters on the final morphology of metallic nanoparticles.

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Introduction

Nanotechnology is one of the most hopeful technologies applied in different fields of science. The interdisciplinary studies of nanotechnology are fascinating due to its wide range of applications in biology, chemistry, engineering, medical sciences and so on. In recent years, the biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles has received more attention as a new platform for bionanotechnology and biomedicine [1,2]. Metallic nanoparticles are alternative in biological and scientific challenges in different fields including biomedicines, cosmetics, food packaging and bionanotechnology [[3], [4], [5]]. The prefix nano came from Greek word Nanos which means “dwarf” that used to describe things of one-billionth (10⁻⁹ meter) in size.
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dwarf(n.) Old English dweorh, dweorg (West Saxon), duerg (Mercian), “very short human being, person much below ordinary stature, whether of proportionate parts or not,” also “supernatural being of subhuman size,” from Proto-Germanic *dweraz (source also of Old Frisian dwerch, Old Saxon dwerg, Old High German twerg, German Zwerg, Old Norse dvergr), perhaps from PIE *dhwergwhos “something tiny,” but with no established cognates outside Germanic. The term “Mercian” refers to: A native or inhabitant of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia, which was located in the Midlands of England.  The dialect of Old English spoken in Mercia, which was one of the two major Anglian dialects alongside Northumbrian.  The name is derived from the Latinized form of the Old English word “Mierce,” meaning “borderers” or “those who live by the border”.  The kingdom of Mercia was significant in the history of England, and its dialect played a crucial role in the development of Old English literature and law.   5 Sources Major body of Anglo-Saxon customs Mercian law was a major body of Anglo-Saxon customs that continued to constitute the law in England in the days immediately following  the Norman  Conquest. It was one of the five extant English law codes from the sixth to the ninth century,  but none  of  them are Mercian.  The laws of Mercia were based on a combination of oral traditions  and written  texts,  and they played a significant role in the legal framework of the time. Encyclopedia.com+2 *mer- Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to rub away, harm.” Possibly identical with the root *mer– that means “to die” and forms words referring to death and to beings subject to death.It might form all or part of: amaranth; ambrosia; amortize; Amritsar; immortal; manticore; marasmus; mare (n.3) “night-goblin, incubus;” morbid; mordacious; mordant; moribund; morsel; mort (n.2) “note sounded on a horn at the death of the quarry;” mortal; mortality; mortar; mortgage; mortify; mortmain; mortuary; murder; murrain; nightmare; post-mortem; remorse.It might also be the source of: Sanskrit mrnati “crushes, bruises,” mriyate “to kill,” martave “to die,” mrta- “died, dead,” mrtih ” death,” martah “mortal man,” amrta- “immortal;” Avestan miriia- “to die,” miryeite “dies,” Old Persian martiya- “man;” Hittite  mer– “to disappear, vanish,” marnu- “to make disappear;” Armenian meranim “to die;” Greek marainein “to consume, exhaust, put out, quench,”  marasmus “consumption,” emorten “died,” brotos “mortal” (hence ambrotos “immortal”); Latin mors (genitive mortis) “death,” mori “to die;” Armenian merani- “to die;” Gothic maurþr, Old English morþ “murder;” Old Irish marb, Welsh marw “dead;” Lithuanian mirti “to die,” mirtis “death;” Old Church Slavonic mreti “to die,” mrutvu “dead;” Russian mertvyj, Serbo-Croatian mrtav “dead.” The term “mer” is a French word that translates to “sea” in English. It refers to large bodies of  saltwater  that cover much of the  earth’s surface. The word has its origins  in Latin, where “mare”  also meant sea,  and it  is commonly used in French to describe bodies of water, such as  in the phrase “la mer Méditerranée,”  which means the  Mediterranean Sea.  Wiktionary+1 (dwarf n continued) Also used by c. 1200 of an animal or plant much below the ordinary size of its species.” The use of dwarf in the Germanic mythological sense, “a diminished and generally deformed being, dwelling in rocks and hills and skilled in working metals,” seems to have faded after Middle English and been revived after c. 1770 from German. Whilst in this and other ways the dwarfs do at times have dealings with mankind, yet on the whole they seem to shrink from man; they give the impression of a downtrodden afflicted race, which is on the point of abandoning its ancient home to new and more powerful invaders. There is stamped on their character something shy and something heathenish, which estranges them from intercourse with Christians. They chafe at human faithlessness, which no doubt would primarily mean the apostacy from heathenism. In the poems of the Mid. Ages, Laurin is expressly set before us as a heathen. It goes sorely against the dwarfs to see churches built, bell-ringing … disturbs their ancient privacy; they also hate the clearing of forests, agriculture, new fangled pounding-machinery for ore. [“Teutonic Mythology,” Jakob Grimm, transl. Stallybrass, 1883] The shift of the Old English guttural at the end of the word to modern -f is typical (compare enough, draft) and begins to appear early 14c. In Middle English it also was dwerþ, dwerke. Old English plural dweorgas  became Middle English dwarrows, later leveled down to dwarfs. The use of dwarves for the legendary race was popularized by J.R.R. Tolkien. As an adjective, from 1590s. The use of giant and dwarf in reference to stars of the highest and lowest luminosity is attested by 1914, said to have been suggested by Danish astronomer Ejnar Hertzsprung, (1873-1967); hence red dwarf (attested by 1922), white dwarf, black dwarf “dead and lightless star” (1966).

WHAT ARE DWARVES? – A QUEST FOR THE ORIGINS AND NATURE OF DWARVES

WHERE FOLKS BELIEVE IN DWARFS Dwarfs are believed in across various regions and cultures, with their presence often linked to the natural environment  and the underground. Here are some of the places where folk believe in dwarfs: Germany: Dwarfs are a common folk character, often depicted as skilled craftsmen living in mountains or caves.  Iceland: The Hidden People, also known as Huldufólk or Elves, and Dwarves are deeply ingrained in Icelandic folklore and beliefs.  Scandinavia: Dwarfs are known for their role in mining and craftsmanship, often associated with the underground.  Celtic Mythology: Dwarfs are known as the “little people” or “faerie folk,” often associated with nature  and the elements.  Native American Lore: Dwarfs are depicted as helpful spirits to the Crow Nation and as river dwellers  to the Penobscot Indians.  These beliefs and representations of dwarfs reflect the diverse cultural narratives and the enduring fascination with the mysterious and the unknown. [^image1^]  5Sources

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Metallic nanoparticles are commonly synthesized by two approaches; top-down and bottom-up [6]. In “top-down” approach, the size of large structures is reduced into smaller or nanometre scale whereas in “bottom-up” approach, molecular structure of metallic nanoparticles is produced by assembling or self-assembling of the atoms or molecules [7]. Fig. 1 shows different approaches for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, in which the top-down approach includes physical methods and the bottom-up approach includes chemical and biological methods for metallic nanoparticle synthesis. Physical and chemical methods of nanoparticle synthesis are harmful to environment because of the utilization of high temperature, pressure and hazardous chemicals [8]. Moreover, the chemically synthesized nanoparticles can only be used in biomedical applications because of their less biocompatibility and lack of stability [9]. Bioreduction or green method for metallic nanoparticles synthesis is categorized under bottom-up approach, through this approach plant extracts [10,11] or microorganisms used for reduction of metals salt turn into nanometre sized metals. The nanoparticles synthesized using this method are nontoxic and show stability [[3], [4], [5]].

Marine microorganisms are tiny organisms that live in the marine ecosystem. They include cellular life forms, such as algae, yeast, fungi, bacteria, actinobacterial, and cyanobacteria. In industrial point of view, the marine microorganism is a very good candidate for the synthesis of biologically important metabolites. Microbial biotechnology has used microbes and their products in different fields such as agriculture, cosmetics, food production, fermentation, medicines, and pharmaceuticals [12,13]. In recent years, marine microorganisms are reported as potential biofactories for eco-friendly, and inexpensive metallic nanoparticles biosynthesis. Moreover, metallic nanoparticles biosynthesis is an important technique of green chemistry method that interconnects nanotechnology and microbial biotechnology [14]. At present, many studies reported for biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles using marine bacteria, fungi and algae functioning without interruption as reducing, capping and stabilizing agents [15].

The present review paper is focused on the biosynthesis of metallic, sulfide, oxide and other type of nanoparticles using marine microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and algae. This is followed by a discussion of the mechanism of nanoparticles formation and different parameters taking part in formation of different shape, size and morphology of nanoparticles. Lastly, the potential biomedical application of those biosynthesized nanoparticles has reviewed.

Nanotechnology The Science of the Small The science of the small, often referred to as nanotechnology, is a field that deals with structures,  devices, and systems by manipulating atoms and molecules at the nanoscale. This scale is crucial because the properties of materials can  behave very differently  at the nanoscale compared to their bulk counterparts. The manipulation of matter at this size allows  scientists and  engineers to create new materials and devices  with unique characteristics  that would  not be possible at larger scales. YMCA of Greater Seattle+2 Nanotechnology is often described as the “science of small things,” but don’t let its size fool you—this  technology is capable  of making monumental changes in nearly every industry. From revolutionizing healthcare with targeted  drug delivery systems  to creating sustainable energy  solutions, nanotechnology is a key player in solving some of humanity’s most pressing challenges.YMCA of Greater Seattle+2

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The Science of the Small The concept of minute details or the “science of the small” is a profound idea that suggests that the  smallest aspects of existence  hold the key to understanding the larger world. This idea is prevalent in various spiritual  and philosophical traditions,  emphasizing the importance of attention to detail and the intricate connections between seemingly trivial elements. In Buddhism, minute details  are  seen as the small, intricate aspects of the whole world, which contribute to the comprehensive  understanding of the universe.  This perspective encourages a deep contemplation of the small, specific pieces  of knowledge that can lead to a deeper  understanding of the larger picture. Wisdom Library In spirituality, minute details are often seen as divine messages or guidance from the spiritual  realm. They remind us that every  moment, no matter how small, can hold significance and offer insights into our  lives. This idea is echoed in various spiritual  practices,  where attention to the minutiae can lead  to  spiritual growth and enlightenment. spiritualmeaningacademy.com The “minute particle” concept in theology and philosophy also highlights the importance of understanding  the subtleties  of existence.   It suggests that the smallest components, like  minute particles , can symbolize the complexities  of the  universe and the essence of life. This  idea is reflected in various religious and philosophical traditions, where minute details are  seen as essential to understanding the grander narrative of existence. PositivePsychology.com In essence, the spiritual significance of minute details lies in their ability to reveal the intricate connections  and deeper  truths  that lie beneath the surface. By paying attention  to the  small, we can unlock the  vastness of the universe  and gain a  deeper  understanding of our  place  within it. Wisdom Library+2

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Desire to convey spiritual narratives and concepts The art of miniature has its spiritual origins deeply rooted in the desire to convey spiritual narratives and concepts. Miniatures have been used as spiritual symbols in ancient  civilizations, serving  as a  medium for storytelling and  preserving knowledge. The intricate details and vibrant hues  of  miniature paintings allow them to convey narratives   that are  larger than life,  often reflecting the spiritual  beliefs and values of the time. In Indian miniature painting, for  example,  the art form  is closely tied to the spiritual and religious themes of the Mughal and Rajput dynasties. These miniature paintings  not only serve as artistic expressions but also as a means to convey spiritual narratives and concepts, often incorporating  elements of purification rituals, prayers, and a  profound  sense of connection to the divine.  The spiritual significance  of  miniature art is further  emphasized by the meticulous  procedural rigidity  and strict adherence to process, which  are  hallmarks  of ritualization. This ritualization ensures that knowledge, skills, and traditions  are  passed  down with high fidelity,  maintaining  the integrity and continuity of the art form.  Overall, the spiritual origins of miniature art  are a testament to the human capacity for creativity  in the smallest of canvases, serving as a bridge between diverse artistic traditions and the deeper spiritual meanings they  hold.  Templeton Religion Trust+1

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The Larger Significance of Miniature Art Christine Legar, The University of Texas at Austin Miniature art, particularly in Japan and China, is deeply rooted in a ritualization process that emphasizes precision, artistry, and cultural  significance.  The creation of miniature trees, such as bonsai, involves meticulous techniques and adherence  to strict  procedural  rigidity, ensuring the continuity of artistry and the transmission of knowledge and traditions.  This ritualistic practice  not only  maintains the aesthetic continuity of the art form  but also ensures that the cultural  and psychological  significance  of miniature art is preserved. The dedication to these practices is a testament to the deep-rooted values of both  cultures, where the creation  of miniature art is not just an artistic endeavor  but a  spiritual and cultural ritual. Web Japan The Deep Spiritual and Religious Origins of Japanese and Chinese Miniature Creations The spiritual and religious origins of Japanese and Chinese miniature creations are deeply intertwined with their respective  mythologies  and belief systems. Japanese miniature creations often reflect the deep spirituality of Shinto,  which emphasizes  the worship  of kami and the importance of rituals. These creations may symbolize the connection between  the earthly  and spiritual realms, serving as spiritual symbols and acts of devotion. US History+2 Chinese miniature creations, on the other hand, are influenced by Chinese astrology, feng-shui, and various folk beliefs. These  creations may embody the cultural and spiritual values of China, such as harmony with nature  and the importance of balance in the universe.  US History+1 Both Japanese and Chinese miniature creations serve as a means of expression and convey deep spiritual and religious meanings,  reflecting the rich cultural heritage and the collective consciousness of their respective peoples . US History+3

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Wikipedia Spiritual Ritual Origin of Muslim Miniature Art The spiritual ritual origin of Muslim miniature art is deeply rooted in the Islamic faith and its teachings.Islamic art, including  miniature painting, is not only a form of visual expression  but also a means  of  accessing deeper spiritual truths . The prohibition  against the depiction of living beings  and the divine  figures in Islamic art  reflects the belief in the transcendence and oneness of God.  Islamic artists innovated  new forms of expression, focusing on abstract  and symbolic forms, which allowed them to create  visually stunning and spiritually resonant works. The use of calligraphy and intricate geometric patterns in Islamic art  is a testament  to the spiritual and mystical dimensions of this art form.  Wikipedia

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Nanobiotechnology of Marine Organisms: Mechanisms and Applications

• Chapter
• First Online: 10 December 2023

• pp 413–431
• Cite this chapter

Abstract

One of the most emerging fields of research in recent decades is nanobiotechnology, which has wide applications in therapeutics, agriculture, and environment. The nanomaterials can be synthesized using physical, chemical, or biological approaches. Unlike physical and chemical methods, biological synthesis of nanoparticles does not need any hazardous conditions or chemicals for reduction of metal ions to their corresponding nanoparticles and their further stabilization. Various bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, and their metabolites are reported for synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles.Although there is a great diversity in the marine microflora, relatively less research has been carried out with respect to the exploration of their nanobiotechnological potential. This chapter gives an elaborate account on the marine-microbe-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles and their applications.Marine bacteria such as Enterococcus sp., Marinobacter pelagius, Paracoccus haeundaensis, Streptomyces rochei, and Vibrio alginolyticus can synthesize cadmium sulfide (CdSNPs), gold (AuNPs) and silver (AgNPs) nanoparticles. Similarly, halophilic cyanobacteria such as Phormidium formosum and Phormidium tenue isolated from sea water can synthesize AgNPs and CdSNPs, respectively.Various marine fungi like Aspergillus sydowii, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Cladosporium halotolerans, and yeasts such as Candida sp. and Rhodosporidium diobovatum can synthesize AuNPs and AgNPs with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.Likewise, numerous marine algae such as Amphiroa rigida, Caulerpa racemosa, Cystoseria baccata, Padina sp., Portieria hornemannii, Sargassum muticum, Sargassum tenerrimum, Spyridia filamentosa, and Turbinaria conoides can synthesize a wide range of stable nanoparticles with promising therapeutic applications. The marine-microbe-synthesized nanoparticles are not only stable but also very small with more surface area and high medicinal properties.Hence, it would be interesting to explore these nanoparticles for development of potent nanomedicine by drug functionalization in order to aim targeted delivery and sustained release.

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Nanoparticles and Marine Microbial Systems

Sukunaarchaeum mirabile

DINOFLAGELLATES

The dinoflagellates (from Ancient Greek δῖνος (dînos) ‘whirling‘ and Latin flagellum ‘whip, scourge‘), also called dinophytes, are a monophyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes constituting the phylum Dinoflagellata^[3] and are usually considered protists. Dinoflagellates are mostly marine plankton, but they are also common in freshwater habitats. Their populations vary with sea surface temperature, salinity, and depth. Many dinoflagellates are photosynthetic, but a large fraction of these are in fact mixotrophic, combining photosynthesis with ingestion of prey (phagotrophy and myzocytosis).^[4][5]

In terms of number of species, dinoflagellates are one of the largest groups of marine eukaryotes, although substantially smaller than diatoms.^[6] Some species are endosymbionts of marine animals and play an important part in the biology of coral reefs. Other dinoflagellates are unpigmented predators on other protozoa, and a few forms are parasitic (for example, Oodinium and Pfiesteria). Some dinoflagellates produce resting stages, called dinoflagellate cysts or dinocysts, as part of their lifecycles; this occurs in 84 of the 350 described freshwater species and a little more than 10% of the known marine species.^[7][8] Dinoflagellates are alveolates possessing two flagella, the ancestral condition of bikonts.

About 1,555 species of free-living marine dinoflagellates are currently described.^[9] Another estimate suggests about 2,000 living species, of which more than 1,700 are marine (free-living, as well as benthic) and about 220 are from fresh water.^[10] The latest estimates suggest a total of 2,294 living dinoflagellate species, which includes marine, freshwater, and parasitic dinoflagellates.^[11]

A rapid accumulation of certain dinoflagellates can result in a visible coloration of the water, colloquially known as red tide (a harmful algal bloom), which can cause shellfish poisoning if humans eat contaminated shellfish. Some dinoflagellates also exhibit bioluminescence, primarily emitting blue-green light, which may be visible in oceanic areas under certain conditions.

The term “dinoflagellate” is a combination of the Greek dinos and the Latin flagellum. Dinos means “whirling” and signifies the distinctive way in which dinoflagellates were observed to swim. Flagellum means “whip” and this refers to their flagella.^[12]
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In 1753, the first modern dinoflagellates (Noctiluca, although not formally named until 1816) were described by Henry Baker as “Animalcules which cause the Sparkling Light in Sea Water”.^[13] Otto Friedrich Müller recorded Bursaria (now Ceratium) hirundinella and Vorticella (now Peridinium) cinctum in 1773.^[14]

The oldest generic name for a Dinoflagellate is Ceratium, which was proposed by Schrank (1793).

In the 1830s, the German microscopist Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg examined many water and plankton samples and proposed several dinoflagellate genera that are still used today including Peridinium, Prorocentrum, and Dinophysis.^[15]

These same dinoflagellates were first defined by Otto Bütschli in 1885 as the flagellate order Dinoflagellida.^[16] Botanists treated them as a division of algae, named Pyrrophyta or Pyrrhophyta (“fire algae”; Greek pyrr(h)os, fire) after the bioluminescent forms, or Dinophyta. At various times, the cryptomonads, ebriids, and ellobiopsids have been included here, but only the last are now considered close relatives. Dinoflagellates have a known ability to transform from noncyst to cyst-forming strategies, which makes recreating their evolutionary history extremely difficult.

Dinoflagellates are unicellular and possess two dissimilar flagella arising from the ventral cell side (dinokont flagellation). They have a ribbon-like transverse flagellum with multiple waves that beats to the cell’s left, and a more conventional one, the longitudinal flagellum, that beats posteriorly.^[17][18][19] The transverse flagellum is a wavy ribbon in which only the outer edge undulates from base to tip, due to the action of the axoneme which runs along it. The axonemal edge has simple hairs that can be of varying lengths. The flagellar movement produces forward propulsion and also a turning force. The longitudinal flagellum is relatively conventional in appearance, with few or no hairs. It beats with only one or two periods to its wave. The flagella lie in surface grooves: they transverse one in the cingulum and the longitudinal one in the sulcus, although its distal portion projects freely behind the cell. In dinoflagellate species with desmokont flagellation (e.g., Prorocentrum), the two flagella are differentiated as in dinokonts, but they are not associated with grooves.

The dinoflagellate nucleus: dinokaryon

‘Core dinoflagellates’ (dinokaryotes) have a peculiar form of nucleus, called a dinokaryon, in which the chromosomes are attached to the nuclear membrane. These carry reduced number of histones. In place of histones, dinoflagellate nuclei contain a novel, dominant family of nuclear proteins that appear to be of viral origin, thus are called Dinoflagellate viral nucleoproteins (DVNPs) which are highly basic, bind DNA with similar affinity to histones, and occur in multiple posttranslationally modified forms.^[30] Dinoflagellate nuclei remain condensed throughout interphase rather than just during mitosis, which is closed and involves a uniquely extranuclear mitotic spindle.^[31] This sort of nucleus was once considered to be an intermediate between the nucleoid region of prokaryotes and the true nuclei of eukaryotes, so were termed “mesokaryotic,” but now are considered derived rather than primitive traits (i. e. ancestors of dinoflagellates had typical eukaryotic nuclei). In addition to dinokaryotes, DVNPs can be found in a group of basal dinoflagellates (known as Marine Alveolates, “MALVs”) that branch as sister to dinokaryotes (Syndiniales).^[32]

Here’s what you’ll learn when you read this story:

At first glance, creating a definition for “life” seems somewhat straightforward. Sentient animals all the way down to single-celled organisms capable of reproduction are welcome on the tree of life, but there are other organisms that challenge this understanding, like viruses. Because virus don’t grow, reproduce on their own, or make their own energy, they’re typically excluded from definitions of life.

But once a virus infects a potential host, it’s immensely active, and can be responsible for world-altering events (see: Spanish flu, ebola, COVID-19, and so on).

However, life is complicated, and this controversial categorization of “life” and “not life” can have gray areas in which organisms appear to defy the expectations of both camps. Recently, scientists found a new creature perched right on the edge of the “life” category.

In a paper published on the bioRxiv server, researchers in Canada and Japan outlined how they identified a new cellular entity that appeared to challenge aspects of the typical definitions of cellular life.

Currently named ‘Sukunaarchaeum mirabile’ (after a deity in Japanese mythology known for its small stature), this entity—which the research team has concluded is a form of life—contains the necessary genes to create its own ribosomes and messenger RNA, something your typical virus lacks. But like a virus, it offloads certain biological functions onto its potential host and it appears singularly obsessed with replicating itself.

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Related video: Sci-fi creature: Unveiling the deep sea find (Mark Vins)

with its surroundings.

Current Time 1:02 / Duration 35:21

Mark Vins

Sci-fi creature: Unveiling the deep sea find

WATCH VIDEO ONLINE

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OK  now folks, let us pause her for a second.  Doesn’t seem all too interesting that soon after the introduction and development of CRISPR and right after the development of the RNA/MRNA vaccines they suddenly “discover” this “entity” that is like a virus but one focused or obesessed with self replicating??  Self-replicating is the master purpose of nanoparticles.  Have you ever seen how they work?
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CRISPR – PART 6 – TRIBULATION LIKE YOU NEVER DREAMED

June 2, 2024 by Cynthia

As you view this post you may find yourself in a state of disbelief.  Trust me, I understand.  When I first learned about this stuff and a lot other things that have been revealed to me, I had the same reaction.  I beg you, don’t let your discomfort with the material cause you to reject … Click Here to Read More

JAPAN rides ARCTURUS and COVID TECHNOLOGY as it RISES!

October 3, 2024 by Cynthia

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If you are like me you are probably thinking, “man how many signs can fit up there at one time??”  I have often wished I had learned God’s version of the ZODIAC.  He is the one who place all those lights over us… named them all, and set their paths and boundaries!! OUR WONDERFUL LOVING … Click Here to Read More

SMART or is it?

April 7, 2025 by Cynthia

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The HOT TOPIC of our day seems to be SMART.  Smart everything and anything.  Recently I saw a commercial on Television regarding Alexa and how to “SMARTIFY” your home.  It ended with Bobby Berk urging to: Smartify yourself, you Smarty Pants you! The Queer Eye alum spoke with Parade about his favorite smart home devices from Amazon in … Click Here to Read More

FUNVAX The GOD Gene Antidote – Think it was a HOAX? You Can’t Afford to Miss this Post

August 3, 2025 by Cynthia

I understand that the MainStream Media, the “Fact Checkers” and all entities related to the RULING ELITE BLOODLINE OF the FALLEN have the world convinced that FUNAX was a HOAX.   I guarantee you it is not.  There is so much evidence that supports the TRUTH of their program to KILL YOUR LINK TO GOD. If … Click Here to Read More

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Sukunahikona, also known as Sukuna-bikona,  is a significant figure in Japanese mythology,  particularly  in Shinto.  He is often associated with healing, agriculture, and hot springs.  His story reveals his role  in  assisting  Ōkuninushi  in the creation of the world and formulating protections  against disease and wild  animals. Sukunahikona’s influence extends beyond physical healing; he embodies the spiritual balance  required for health, guiding humans to live in harmony with nature and the unseen forces around them.
His ability to cure illness through hot springs and his teachings on brewing sake highlight his importance
in both physical and spiritual health. Wikipedia+5

Sukunahikona, also known as Sukuna-bikona,  is a significant figure in Japanese mythology,  particularly in Shinto.  He is often depicted as a small, dwarf-like deity with a deep understanding of the earth and its resources.
Sukuna-ikona is revered for his connection to nature and healing,  and he is associated with various  aspects of agriculture  and medicine.  His name translates to “the small, precious one,”  reflecting his  stature and the value placed on his wisdom. According to  mythology, Sukuna-ikona  was born from  the union of two other deities, symbolizing the blending of different natural elements.  His small  size does not diminish his power; instead, it emphasizes that great strength can come in unexpected
forms. This idea resonates deeply with the Japanese cultural appreciation for humility and simplicity.
Sukuna- bikona plays a crucial role in  Japanese   mythology as a god of agriculture and healing,  often called upon by farmers seeking bountiful harvests.  His teachings  about sustainable  farming  practices are still relevant today. Britannica+5

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Sukuna, known as Ryomen Sukuna in “Jujutsu Kaisen,” is a powerful figure in both Japanese mythology and modern anime, representing strength,  malevolence, and complexity. Sukuna, also known as Sukunabikona, is a significant figure in Japanese mythology, particularly in Shinto. He is revered as the Shinto kami of hot springs, agriculture, healing, magic,  brewing  sake, and knowledge. His name translates to “the small lord of renown,” and he is often depicted as a dwarf.  Sukuna is known for his dual nature,  being both a protector and a destroyer, a god and a demon, traits that  are common in Japanese mythology. He is associated with  the Izumo region and is linked to the  deity Ōkuninushi,  who helped build the land. Sukuna’s influence extends beyond Japanese  mythology, as he has been referenced  in various forms of Japanese pop culture, including anime and manga.  His character in Jujutsu Kaisen,  known as Ryomen Sukuna, has gained international popularity, showcasing his enduring  legacy in modern  storytelling. Wikipedia+5  Ryomen Sukuna in “Jujutsu Kaisen” Character Overview: Ryomen Sukuna is often referred to as the King of Curses and is one of the primary antagonists in the anime and manga series “Jujutsu Kaisen.” He was once a human sorcerer over a thousand years ago, known for his unparalleled strength and sadistic nature.  After his death, he  transformed into a cursed spirit, with his power manifesting through his twenty indestructible fingers, which serve as cursed  objects.  Physical Appearance: Sukuna is depicted as a tall, muscular man with four arms, four eyes, and a large mouth on his midriff. His appearance  is both grotesque and imposing, reflecting his status as a fearsome entity. Personality and Abilities: Sukuna is characterized by his egotistical and sadistic personality. He relishes  in chaos and suffering, often taunting his opponents. His immense power allows him to  dominate battles,  and he frequently engages in combat for the sheer enjoyment of it.  Connection to Yuji Itadori: In the series, Sukuna’s soul resides within the protagonist, Yuji Itadori, after  Yuji consumes one of Sukuna’s fingers.  This connection creates a complex dynamic, as Sukuna  occasionally takes control of Yuji’s body, leading to significant plot developments.  3 Sources Sukuna-bikona in Japanese Mythology Mythological Figure: Sukuna-bikona is a deity in Japanese mythology, often associated with agriculture,  healing, and magic. He is depicted as a small, dwarf-like figure and is revered  for his knowledge and  abilities in healing and farming.  Cultural Significance: Sukuna-bikona is invoked for protection against pests and calamities, and he plays a  crucial role in agricultural practices. His lore emphasizes the importance of balance in nature and the  interconnectedness of life.  Source Conclusion Both Ryomen Sukuna and Sukuna-bikona represent different aspects of strength and power in Japanese  culture, with Ryomen Sukuna embodying the darker, more chaotic elements of human nature and Sukuna-ikona  reflecting the nurturing and protective qualities  of deities. Understanding these figures provides insight into the rich tapestry of Japanese mythology and its influence  on contemporary storytelling in works like “Jujutsu Kaisen.”

The Sukuna story is incredibly old, first appearing in the Nihon Shoki — which you’ll remember was written in the 8^th century. There’s a short entry that goes something like this:

“In 65^th year, under the reign of Emperor Nintoku in Hida Country, there was a man. His name was Sukuna. He had one body and two faces. One on the back of the other so that they faced in opposite directions. The body, too, had four arms and four legs. The legs had knees but no heels. He was extremely powerful yet agile and carried a sword on both his left and right sides. He could also use a bow and arrow in any of his four hands. He did not obey imperial orders and enjoyed plundering people. Because of that, the ancestor of Wani-uji — Naniwa no neko takefuru kuma (難波根子武振熊) was sent to kill him.”

That’s it. How could they leave us hanging like this?

But don’t you worry, his story doesn’t end there. In this one, though, the temple is actually named. It’s Senkouji in Gifu Prefecture.

A tiny aside about Senkou Temple because I was reading about it and gasped out loud.

The temple is said to have been founded by Ryomen Sukuna who lived at the foot of the mountain, 1600 years ago. During the Heian Era it received the patronage of the Imperial Court and flourished. It had 19 sub temples on the mountain and an absolute wealth of scrolls, scriptures, statues, artwork, and important Kasa (buddhist robes) were all enshrined there.

Well, in 1564, during the Sengoku or Warring States Period, along comes the Takeda army from Kai. They invaded Hida (where Senkouji and all those precious temples and Buddhist items were located) and burned it all down. Lit the entire mountain on fire. Everything was destroyed, except, someone managed to save the main deity. Which I’m guessing is the Kannon statue. To this day it’s still kept secret but every seven years there’s a special ceremony for it. The temple and sub temples were rebuilt little by little throughout the years.

I’m sitting here imagining the absolute horror of being a monk on the mountain when you’re suddenly surrounded by fire and trying to escape with your life, but also save some precious items. Takeda!

Anyway, the following tale — dated 1621 — states that during the reign of Nintoku there was a person named Sukuna who emerged from a cave in Dewa ga hira. He was 18 meters tall and had two faces, four arms, and four legs.

He was believed to be an incarnation of the Bodhisattva Kannon and actually founded the Senkou Temple. It was also at this time at the top of the mountain a sealed box containing part of the Lotus Sutra, a Buddhist robe, and a statue of the Senju (one thousand-armed) Kannon was unearthed. But that’s not all, this two-faced, eight-limbed wonder also founded the nearby Zenkyuji Temple, too.

There he was described as appearing wearing armor, holding a spear in one hand, a regular staff in another hand, an octagonal cypress staff in a third hand, and an ax in that fourth one. I bet that was a sight.

This version of Ryomen Sukuna was said to have been ordered by the emperor to defeat an oni named Shichinō (七儺) (which means Seven Perils) who lived near Mount Iyama in Takayama City. Which he did. Some hair from this demon was procured and is still in existence today. It’s one of the sacred treasures of the area.

 Still another variation of the tale — the Kinzan History — says that there was a powerful local person named Sukuna who heard that Takefurikuma was coming after him to murder him. So he left Dewa ga hira and stayed on the sacred Mount Kinzan for 37 days. After this he moved to another mountain and barricaded himself there but, alas, was killed nonetheless.

A slightly different take on this one is that he literally flew from one mountain to the next where he chanted the Dainichi-kyo Sutra for 37 days. What was he praying for? Why the safety of the nation and abundant harvests, of course.

There are also tales of Sukuna defeating a poisonous dragon and stabbing a cane or staff into the ground, from which grew a thousand cypress trees.

So in the Gifu region Sukuna-sama is deified and believed to be the founder of Buddhism. Only, Buddhism arrived in Japan in the 6^th century and the Sukuna legend happened in the 4^th.  Go figure.

So why the bad rap? Well, let me tell you about and urban legend. Those are always fun. It goes like this. One day during the Taisho Era in Iwate Prefecture a team was dismantling an old temple when they came across a 2-meter long, dark wooden box. It had old torn and faded paper on it and was nailed shut. The workers asked the site manager what to do. The site manager called the head abbot of the temple and the head abbot said, Whatever you do, don’t open. Don’t even touch it. I’ll be there tomorrow morning to retrieve it.

So the site manager tells the workers to leave it alone. The next morning, though, he shows up to work and finds everyone gathered around. What happened? It seems two of the part-time employees got there early and opened the box. They were now sitting on the floor totally spaced out, drooling, and non responsive.

A quick aside: Most versions of the story I read say they were foreigners and I mention it because it’s part of the legend. But I’m going to believe that that bit of information isn’t to be prejudiced against foreigners, but just to give a valid reason why someone would open the box. Maybe there was a miscommunication or cultural difference or something.

Anyway, the site manager goes over to the now-open box and sees the horrific mummy inside. Two heads and four arms. The monk arrives, sees the box has been opened and is livid. After the site manager explains what happened, the head monk goes, well, those two are beyond saving, but I’ll perform a purification ritual on all of you. It might help a little.

His last words upon leaving the place are, “I’m so sorry for all of you. None of you will live long lives.”

That night one of the part time workers who opened the cursed box has a heart attack and dies. The other ends up in a psychiatric ward where he spent the rest of his days. Of the other employees, one came down with a mysterious high fever and another stepped on a nail and needed five stitches.

Among the faded words written on the washi paper that had been glued to the top of the box, were the words Ryomen Sukuna. The site manager did some research and found this Sukuna fellow was a strangely-shaped kijin (鬼神) — the characters for oni demon and god. This Sukuna was from a race of people called the Sukuna-zoku who refused the rule of the emperor and were wiped out. Remember that for later.

Further investigation found, though, the story of this Sukuna figure was a little different. Evidently, during the Taisho Era a pair of conjoined twins was born in Iwate where they lived, but were eventually sold to a misemono. Remember I talked about them back in episode 84? It’s like an old fashioned carnival or freak show.

Another aside: It’s gonna get a little violent, over the top gross, and dare I say silly here for a minute. Just a heads up.

So after some years, the twins become young adults and along comes an evil rich person who purchases them and takes them to his lair. I say lair, probably not lair. But what’s about to happen sounded like it would take place in a lair.

There he has several other people he has bought throughout the years from other misemono and has imprisoned there. The twins are the final piece to his wicked plan, to make the strongest and most deadly curse. And this is how he’s going to do it.

First, He’ll have the prisoners all fight each other ala Battle Royale or Hunger Games, but think more inclosed space and cannibalism. Second, he’ll save the last one standing, judging them to be the strongest. This happens to be the twins. Next, just to be even more of a psychopath, he locks them in a room and starves them to death. He plans to make a sokushinbutsu. Not a real one, mind you. Remember I talked about sokushinbutsu on one episode — real life monks who would request to be locked away as to not eat, meditate and eventually gain enlightenment in death. Not the same thing but, the crazy evil guy is crazy evil.

After the poor twins pass away, to put icing on the proverbial nightmare cake, our wicket villain somehow digs up a bunch of ancient bones, grinds them up and stuffs them inside the dead body.

And what was the curse he conjured? Well adding some more drama to the whole thing, he wrote in his own blood that he wanted to destroy Japan. Ironically enough, a whole bunch of catastrophes occurred during the Taisho Era which was only 14 years long (1912-1926). There was the Sakurajima eruption, the Akita big earthquake, a coal mine explosion, the great fire of Hakodate, the great flood of Easter Japan, a large avalanche that killed many, and last and the biggest tragedy was the Great Kanto Earthquake where at least 120,000 people died and was described as a burning hell.

So maybe that’s why the manga Jujutsu Kaisen shows Sukuna in such a bad light. I mean, that’ll do it.

But a more sober (and sad) explanation runs along the same lines as the tsuchigumo  which I actually talk about in more detail in The Book of Japanese Folklore. Basically, there’s a legend about a giant deadly yokai spider, but also, the word (tsuchigumo or dirt spider) was a derogatory name for a race of people who didn’t obey or recognize the emperor and were completely wiped out.

Similarly, there were probably a group of people living in eastern Japan way back in the day and they resisted the Yamato Court. One of their leaders was probably extremely strong and maybe there were brothers who looked a lot alike or were twins who fought together. Eventually killed, his or their memory carried on through story.

So what do you think benevolent defender of Buddhism, poor tortured conjoined twins who were forced to deliver a curse that really messed up Japan for many years, or historical real hero?

I don’t know, but you’ll find him even today in all kinds of manga and anime. I already mentioned Jujutsu Kaisen, but there’s also Jigoku Sensei Nu-be-, Mahou Sensei Negima, Ultraman Tiga, Guranblue Fantasy, and even Doraemon, Vol. 1

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Go to JuJutsuKaisen r/JuJutsuKaisen•5y ago ohyeahkun JJK boosts “IRL Sukuna temple” popularity; prompts special exhibit, classes through the end of the year. Also, the head priest is a fan! [Senkoji, Takayama, Gifu Prefecture] : r/JuJutsuKaisen

Ryomen Sukuna

Ryomen Sukuna, a legendary figure with two heads and four arms, is preserved at Zenkyuji temple in Gifu Prefecture.  The temple, established  by Ryomen Sukuna, honors the figure’s contributions to the area. The  statue, standing at 3 meters tall,  features two faces and multiple limbs,  symbolizing Sukuna’s legendary status. The inscription at the temple explains that Sukuna traveled from Hida to Mino to demonstrate his prowess for  the sake of his homeland 1,600 years ago.  The statue is a testament to Sukuna’s enduring legacy  and the respect he commands  in the  local community. 朝日新聞デジタル

Manga gives new face to dual portrayals of Ryomen Sukuna

By TAKASHI TOMIOKA/ Staff Writer

January 19, 2025 at 07:00 JST

A Buddhism figurine of Ryomen Sukuna preserved at Zenkyuji temple (Provided by the Hida-Takayama Tourism and Convention Bureau)

SPACER

Ryomen Sukuna, a legendary figure with two heads and four arms, was given a more normal human appearance in a globally acclaimed manga that released its last volume on Dec. 25.

Gege Akutami’s dark fantasy title “Jujutsu Kaisen” (Sorcery Fight), serialized in Shueisha Inc.’s Weekly Shonen Jump anthology from March 2018 to September 2024, has contributed immensely to the dissemination of the name Ryomen Sukuna, including whether he was a hero or a villain.

In “Jujutsu Kaisen,” the protagonist fights Ryomen Sukuna, portrayed as the “King of Curses,” in a quest to exorcise evil spirits.

The fictional villain is based on the ancient story of an individual with a monstrous apparition, who, in real life, is regarded as a hero even today.

A visit to the Hida region in Gifu Prefecture, where the legend of Ryomen Sukuna is still passed down, reveals the various “faces” of the original.

A 3-meter-tall statue of Ryomen Sukuna, featuring two faces and multiple limbs, sits at the Nyukawa branch of the Takayama city government in Gifu Prefecture.

The inscription explains that the 3-meter Ryomen Sukuna “traveled from Hida to Mino to demonstrate his prowess for the sake of his homeland” 1,600 years ago.

Takayama is described as the “birthplace” of Ryomen Sukuna, and the legend of the mysterious person originates from the Nyukawa district.

“Our temple is said to have been established by Ryomen Sukuna,” said Shinkai Oshita, chief priest of Senkoji temple in Nyukawa.

As a local leader in Hida, Ryomen Sukuna is believed to have dug up the Lotus Sutra among other artifacts at the top of Mount Kesazan. He named the temple Kesazan Senkoji.

Ryomen Sukuna, affectionately called Ryomen-sama and Sukuna-sama, is viewed as a “hero” who developed the area.

Ryomen Sukuna similarly appears in “Nihon Shoki” (The Chronicles of Japan), the oldest official book of Japanese history compiled in 720. But how he is treated in the document is significantly different from the descriptions in local records.

“Nihon Shoki” reads that “a man named Sukuna lived in Hida,” and that Ryomen Sukuna had “two heads on a single body” facing “mutually opposite directions.”

“Wearing swords on both sides, he used all four arms to wield bows and arrows,” according to the history book. “He disobeyed the imperial command and enjoyed plundering the people.”

Ryomen Sukuna was reportedly defeated as a villain who opposed the imperial court and harmed the public.

For his manga, Akutami got inspiration from this negative depiction of Ryomen Sukuna. He says in Jump magazine that he checked “Nihon Shoki” and other materials to create the namesake for “Jujutsu Kaisen.”

HERO OR VILLAIN?

Why do the narratives display such a double-sidedness?

Kazuhiko Komatsu, a professor emeritus of folklore at the International Research Center for Japanese Studies, points to tensions between “the rulers and the ruled.”

“The authorities labeled undesirable entities as ogres so they would be treated as antagonists to be defeated,” Komatsu said. “This way of portrayal often conflicts with the perception of local residents.”

Komatsu said the abnormal appearance of Ryomen Sukuna can be interpreted as a sign of either “disaster” or “blessing.”

“Humans cannot see behind themselves,” Komatsu said. “This is possible for Sukuna, though. People may have found something divine in this feature of Sukuna.”

Also noteworthy is the fact that statues of Ryomen Sukuna, stored at temples that uphold his legend, feature diverse designs.

Ryusaku Nagaoka, a professor of Japanese art history at Tohoku University’s graduate school, attributed this diversity to different religious purposes of the artisans.

“Sculptors likely anticipated the potential effects of their creations on viewers,” Nagaoka said. “They appear to have chosen specific religious designs that aligned with their intended objectives.”

He recounted the influence of these statues.

“Images add a sense of reality to stories,” he said. “Figurines installed in the legend-preserving area help people there connect with the existence of Sukuna in a more realistic way.”

The stone sculpture of Ryomen Sukuna, seen on Nov. 28 at the Sukuna-do hall of Senkoji temple in Takayama, Gifu Prefecture, is believed to date back to the Muromachi Period (1336-1573). (Takashi Tomioka)

Advances in media, such as illustrated scrolls from medieval times and improved printing technology in the Edo Period, expedited the image formation of paranormal individuals and creatures. Their images spread beyond the regions of their origin, leaving a lasting impression on people’s minds.

In modern society, “Jujutsu Kaisen” has provided a novel portrayal of Ryomen Sukuna, allowing him to further expand the domain of his image.

“Manga, as a form of content, can now reach out to consumers the world over,” said Komatsu. “Harnessing the combined power of the internet and social media, the image of Sukuna will capture far more people’s hearts from now, although he was formerly known exclusively to a limited audience in a local region.”

“Jujutsu Kaisen” has sold more than 100 million copies in digital and other formats. The TV anime adaptation of the title was broadcast from October 2020. The film version, “Jujutsu Kaisen 0,” has pulled in 26.5 billion yen ($167.8 million) at the global box office.

Exploring Ryomen Sukuna King of Curses Jujutsu Kaisen 2025

Introduction

Every anime has its standout villain — the one who defines fear, power, and legacy. In Jujutsu Kaisen, that villain is Ryomen Sukuna, feared across centuries as the King of Curses.

He isn’t just a monster or a curse. He’s a being that transcends life and death, a symbol of what happens when human greed and power spiral beyond control. Ryomen Sukuna’s mixture of arrogance, intellect, and raw might makes him one of the most unforgettable antagonists in modern anime.

This blog takes a deep dive into Sukuna’s story, his abilities, his psychological complexity, and why he’s considered the most dangerous entity in the Jujutsu Kaisen universe.

The Origin of Ryomen Sukuna

From Human Sorcerer to King of Curses

Over a thousand years ago, during the golden age of jujutsu, Ryomen Sukuna was not a curse — he was a human sorcerer. But he was far from noble. Feared by both allies and enemies, Sukuna’s power was so immense that he slaughtered countless sorcerers and laid waste to everything in his path.

He was a mass murderer and tyrant, but also a genius in cursed energy manipulation. After his death, his body couldn’t be destroyed; instead, it fragmented into 20 indestructible fingers, each imbued with immense cursed power. These fingers became special-grade cursed objects, spreading his influence even after his demise.

Centuries later, these cursed fingers became central to the plot of Jujutsu Kaisen, as they are sought after by sorcerers and curses alike.